Chapter 16, Problem 31E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing concentration of $\text{HF}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The effect of increasing concentration of hydrogen ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of $\text{HF}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on decreasing concentration of ${\text{F}}^{-}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid $\text{NaF}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding gaseous $\text{HCl}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on adding solid $\text{NaOH}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The direction of the equilibrium on increasing $\text{pH}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Equilibrium is the state where the concentration of the reactant is equal to the concentration of the product. According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, it states that the equilibrium shifts in such a way or a direction that it can reduce the effect of change.