Chapter 16, Problem 55A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The HNO₃acid is to be classified as strong or weak acid.

Concept introduction:

According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which produces hydroxyl ions in an aqueous solution.

According to Bronsted-Lowry, acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

Answer to Problem 55A

  $HN{O}_3$ is a strong acid.

Explanation of Solution

  $HN{O}_3$ is completely dissociated in to its ions as:

  $HN{O}_3\to H^{+}+N{O}_3{}^{-}$

Therefore, it is strong acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The CH₃COOH acid is to be classified as strong or weak acid.

Concept introduction:

According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which produces hydroxyl ions in an aqueous solution.

According to Bronsted-Lowry, acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

Answer to Problem 55A

  $C{H}_{3}COOH$ is a weak acid.

Explanation of Solution

  $C{H}_{3}COOH$ is not completely dissociated in to its ions. There is equilibrium between undissociated and dissociated ions.

  $C{H}_{3}COOH\rightleftharpoons H^{+}+C{H}_{3}CO{O}^{-}$

Therefore, it is weak acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The HCl acid is to be classified as strong or weak acid.

Concept introduction:

According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which produces hydroxyl ions in an aqueous solution.

According to Bronsted-Lowry, acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

Answer to Problem 55A

  $HCl$ is a strong acid.

Explanation of Solution

  $HCl$ is completely dissociated in to its ions as:

  $HCl\to H^{+}+C{l}^{-}$

Therefore, it is strong acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The HF acid is to be classified as strong or weak acid.

Concept introduction:

According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which produces hydroxyl ions in an aqueous solution.

According to Bronsted-Lowry, acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

Answer to Problem 55A

  $HF$ is a weak acid.

Explanation of Solution

  $HF$ is not completely dissociated in to its ions. There is equilibrium between undissociated and dissociated ions.

  $HF\rightleftharpoons H^{+}+F^{-}$

Therefore, it is weak acid.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $HCl{O}_4$ acid is to be classified as strong or weak acid.

Concept introduction:

According to Arrhenius, acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which produces hydroxyl ions in an aqueous solution.

According to Bronsted-Lowry, acid is a substance which donate hydrogen ion and Base is a substance which accept hydrogen ion.

Answer to Problem 55A

  $HCl{O}_4$ is a strong acid.

Explanation of Solution

  $HCl{O}_4$ is completely dissociated in to its ions as:

  $HCl{O}_4\to H^{+}+Cl{O}_4{}^{-}$

Therefore, it is strong acid.