(a) Interpretation : Enzymes needed to get the net formation of oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A. Concept introduction : The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : Enzymes needed to get the net formation of oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction : The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for the net synthesisof oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the mammalian cells comprise of these essential enzymes.

Concept introduction: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

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a. Use the values in Problem 23.31 to calculate the energy change in the following reaction. fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP--------> fructose 6-phosphate + ATP b. Is this reaction energetically favorable or unfavorable? c. Write this reaction using curved arrow symbolism. d. Can this reaction be used to synthesize ATP from ADP? Explain.

Five coenzymes are required by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, the enzyme in the citric acid cycle that converts a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.a. Identify the coenzymes.b. Propose a mechanism for the reaction.

1. Consider the oxidation of the fatty acid with the common name arachidic acid. a. Draw the structure of arachidic acid. b. How many turns of the fatty acid oxidation cycle is required for the complete oxidation of arachidic acid? c. How many moles of ATP are formed from one mole of arachidic acid if the acetyl CoA produced go to the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation? Assume 1 mole of NADH is equivalent to 3 moles ATP and 1 mole FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP. Show how you arrived at your answer

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : Enzymes needed to get the net formation of oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction : The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for the net synthesisof oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the mammalian cells comprise of these essential enzymes.

Concept introduction: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : Enzymes needed to get the net formation of oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction : The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for the net synthesisof oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the mammalian cells comprise of these essential enzymes.

Concept introduction: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : Enzymes needed to get the net formation of oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction : The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for the net synthesisof oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the mammalian cells comprise of these essential enzymes.

Concept introduction: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : Enzymes needed to get the net formation of oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction : The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for the net synthesisof oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the mammalian cells comprise of these essential enzymes.

Concept introduction: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : Enzymes needed to get the net formation of oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction : The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation : Enzymes needed to get the net formation of oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction : The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for the net synthesisof oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for the net synthesisof oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.

Concept introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the mammalian cells comprise of these essential enzymes.

Concept introduction: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the mammalian cells comprise of these essential enzymes.

Concept introduction: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 17 - Prob. 1P Ch. 17 - Prob. 2P Ch. 17 - Prob. 3P Ch. 17 - Prob. 4P Ch. 17 - Prob. 5P Ch. 17 - Prob. 6P Ch. 17 - Prob. 7P Ch. 17 - Prob. 8P Ch. 17 - Prob. 9P Ch. 17 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the citric acid cycle is a catabolic process in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A.

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