Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 17, Problem 15Q
To determine
The reason why a light bulb, which has far less energy, appears brighter than a star. Also, explain the inverse-square law.
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Use Wien’s law to answer the following questions: (a) The cosmic background radiation peaks in intensity at a wavelength of 1.1 mm. To what temperature does this correspond? (b) About 379 000 y after the big bang, the universe became transparent to electromagnetic radiation. Its temperature then was 2970 K.What was the wavelength at which the background radiation was then most intense?
What do you mean by space quantization?
1. What is wave-particle duality? How does it apply to photons and electrons? Why do we not generally observe this in everyday life?
2. What is the Hubble Law? What does it say about the evolution of the universe? What does it have to do with redshift?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Universe
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- It is possible to derive the age of the universe given the value of the Hubble constant and the distance to a galaxy, again with the assumption that the value of the Hubble constant has not changed since the Big Bang. Consider a galaxy at a distance of 400 million light-years receding from us at a velocity, v. If the Hubble constant is 20 km/s per million light-years, what is its velocity? How long ago was that galaxy right next door to our own Galaxy if it has always been receding at its present rate? Express your answer in years. Since the universe began when all galaxies were very close together, this number is a rough estimate for the age of the universe.arrow_forwardLarge redshifts move the positions of spectral lines to longer wavelengths and change what can be observed from the ground. For example, suppose a quasar has a redshift of =4.1 . At what wavelength would you make observations in order to detect its Lyman line of hydrogen, which has a laboratory or rest wavelength of 121.6 nm? Would this line be observable with a ground-based telescope in a quasar with zero redshift? Would it be observable from the ground in a quasar with a redshift of =4.1 ?arrow_forward(a) Calculate The approximate age of the universe from the average value of the Hubble constant, To do this, calculate the time it would take to travel 1 Mly at a constant expansion rate of 20 km/s. (b) If deceleration is taken into account, would the actual age of the universe be greater or less than that found here? Explain.arrow_forward
- Does observed gravitational lensing correspond to a converging or diverging lens? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardWhat is Stefan-Boltzmann constant? What is its value?arrow_forwardThe Andromeda Galaxy, M31, is the closest large spiral Galaxy to our Milky Way. When we lookat its chemical spectrum, we see that it's hydrogen alpha emission line has an observed wavelength of 655nm. a. Calculate z, being careful with the sign b. How fast is it moving in km/s c. Is it redshifted or blueshifted? Is it moving toward or away from us?arrow_forward
- Briefly explain Nernst and Zeta potential.arrow_forwardIntegrated ConceptsA galaxy moving away from the earth has a speed of 0.0100c. What wavelength do we observe for an ni=7 to nf = 2 transition for hydrogen in that galaxy?arrow_forwardThe peak intensity of the CMBR occurs at a wavelength of 1.1 mm. (a) What is the energy in eV of a 1.1-mm photon? (b) There are approximately 109 photons for each massive particle in deep space. Calculate the energy of 109 such photons. (c) If the average massive particle in space has a mass half that of a proton, what energy would be created byconverting its mass to energy? (d) Does this imply that space is “matter dominated”? Explain briefly.arrow_forward
- (Astronomy) PSR1913+16 Problem III. As the shape of the graph shown is not skewed, the orbit can be assumed circular. Also assume the system is viewed edge-on (that is, the orbital system is not inclined to the observer). Using these assumptions, the maximum radial velocities, and the orbital period T = 7.75 hours, find the orbital radii of the stars from the center of mass. (Hints: The figures below may be helpful. Use v = 2πr/P, where v is velocity, P is period, and r is radius. Note: redshifts have positive radial velocities values in the upper figure, whereas blueshifts have negative radial velocity values.)arrow_forwardExplain the physical processes described by the Einstein's photoelectric equation hv = 1/2mv2+ hv0 and state the significance of each term. Describe briefly how the values of h and vo can be determined.arrow_forward(Astronomy) Planetary Nebula Age. Suppose a planetary nebula is 1 pc in radius. If the Doppler shifts in its spectrum show it is expanding at 22 km/s, how old is it? (Note that 1 pc equals 3.1×1013 km, and 1 year equals 3.2×107 seconds, to two significant figures.) Please round your answer to two significant digits.arrow_forward
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