Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The chemical conditions to remove the acetyl group from N-Acetylglucosamide have to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Carboxylic acid: One
Amide: One
Amide Formation: Amide is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine or ammonia.
- Primary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia.
- Secondary and tertiary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with primary and secondary amine respectively.
- Ammonium salt is formed when tertiary amine and a carboxylic acid reacts forming an ionic compound with a carboxylate acid anion and a trialkyl ammonium cation since there is no hydrogen atom in trialkyl amine
Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base or acid with continuous heating, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid.
- Carboxylic acid and amine salt are obtained when amide hydrolysis takes place in presence of acid.
- Carboxylate anion and amine are obtained when amide hydrolysis takes place in presence of base.
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of products formed during the acid hydrolysis of N-Acetylglucosamide has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Carboxylic acid: One
Amide: One
Amide Formation: Amide is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine or ammonia.
- Primary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with ammonia.
- Secondary and tertiary amide is produce when a carboxylic acid reacts with primary and secondary amine respectively.
- Ammonium salt is formed when tertiary amine and a carboxylic acid reacts forming an ionic compound with a carboxylate acid anion and a trialkyl ammonium cation since there is no hydrogen atom in trialkyl amine
Amide Hydrolysis: In presence of base or acid with continuous heating, amide reacts with water to form the corresponding amine and carboxylic acid.
- Carboxylic acid and amine salt are obtained when amide hydrolysis takes place in presence of acid.
- Carboxylate anion and amine are obtained when amide hydrolysis takes place in presence of base.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 17 Solutions
FUND.OF GEN CHEM CHAP 1-13 W/ACCESS
- Are all the amino-acids soluble in water? Explain why?arrow_forwardWhy is the lipid bilayer of a cell freely permeable to water,which is quite polar, but is not freely permeable to ammonia,which is also polar and about the same molecular size?arrow_forwardHow would a cell membrane having phospholipids that contain a high percentage of oleic acid differ from a cell membrane having phospholipids that contain a high percentage of stearic acid?arrow_forward
- Is the phosphate functional group negatively charged in both a non-cellular and cellular environment? A better way to phrase the question: does the phosphate group ionize in a cellular environment, or does it simply stay the same?arrow_forward. Neutrophils exhibit a respiratory burst of free radicals and strong oxidizers during acute inflammation. Why may this alter the way some metals and polymers function relative to typical physiologic conditions? b. Inflammation may also result in local acidic conditions around the material. Why may this change the way metals corrode and polymers degrade?arrow_forwardThe intermolecular force that is most important in keeping the two layers of a lipid bilayer together isarrow_forward
- Why do cell membranes contain cholesterol?arrow_forwardwhat is separase?arrow_forwardKnowing that there is constant turnover of phospholipids in a cell’s membrane and that new phospholipids are regularly synthesized, what strategy could a cell (or organism) use to maintain membrane fluidity and integrity in: A) Cold temperatures? B) Hot temperatures?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON