Interpretation:
The reason as to why the calculated value for the absolute entropy of
Concept introduction:
Statistical
It is used to calculate the state functions like energy, pressure, wavelength etc. of the thermodynamic system. The expressions obtained for state functions using partition functions help to determine the statistical aspect of thermodynamic system.
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Physical Chemistry
- Billions of pounds of acetic acid are made each year, much of it by the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide. (AssumeT= 298 K.) CH3OH() + CO(g) CH3COOH() (a) By calculating the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG, for this reaction, show that it is product-favored. (b) Determine the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG,for the reaction of acetic acid with oxygen to form gaseous carbon dioxide and liquid water. (c) Based on this result, is acetic acid thermodynamicallystable compared with CO2(g) and H2O()? (d) Is acetic acid kinetically stable compared with CO2(g)and H2O()?arrow_forwardUnder what conditions is the entropy of a substance equal to zero?arrow_forwardUse data from Appendix D to calculate the standardentropy change at 25°C for the reaction CH3COOH(g)+NH3(g)CH3NH2(g)+CO2(g)+H2(g) Suppose that 1.00 mol each of solid acetamide, CH3CONH2(s), and water, H2O(l), react to give thesame products. Will the standard entropy change belarger or smaller than that calculated for the reactionin part (a)?arrow_forward
- The third law of thermodynamics says that a perfect crystal at 0 K has zero entropy. The standard entropy of a substance, S can be determined by evaluating the energy required to carry out conversion from 0 K to standard conditions. What information would be needed to calculate S for liquid water at 298 K and 1 bar?arrow_forwardIn the thermodynamic definition of a spontaneous process, why is it important that the phrase “continuous intervention” be used rather than just “intervention?”arrow_forwardExplain why absolute entropies can be measured.arrow_forward
- For ammonia (NH3), the enthalpy of fusion is 5.65 kJ/mol and the entropy of fusion is 28.9 J/K mol. a. Will NH3(s) spontaneously melt at 200. K? b. What is the approximate melting point of ammonia?arrow_forwardWhat is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the explosive decomposition of TNT? Use your knowledge of TNT and the chemical equation, particularly the phases, to answer this question. (Thermodynamic data for TNT are not in Appendix G.) 2C7H5N3O6(s) 3N2(g) + 5H2O() + 7C(s) + 7CO(g)arrow_forwardThe third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 K is zero. In Appendix 4, F(aq), OH(aq), and S2(aq) all have negative standard entropy values. How can S values be less than zero?arrow_forward
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