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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
A
Concept Introduction:
Carboxylic acid: One
Ester: One
Esterification reaction: Esters are prepared by the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol molecule with the elimination of water molecule. The addition of a strong acid such as
Here, the
Amines are the derivatives of ammonia
Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.
Aromatic Compounds: Compounds that are planar, conjugated, cyclic and having
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Chapter 17 Solutions
EBK FUNDAMENTALS OF GENERAL, ORGANIC, A
- Identify the functional groups in the followingmolecules.arrow_forwardFor each of the following, name an amino acid in which the R group contains it: a hydroxyl group, a sulfur atom, a second chiral carbon atom, an amino group, an amide group, an acid group, an aromatic ring, and a branched side chain.arrow_forwardWhat are the structural differences between (a) purines and pyrimidines, and (b) ribose and deoxyribose sugars?arrow_forward
- Penicillin G is a natural antibiotic that is useful for treating infections caused by Gram positive bacteria. What is the functional benefit of the semi-synthetic antimicrobials carbenicillin and ampicillin, generated by chemical modification of the R group so their R groups each are a bit different than the R group seen with penicillin G?arrow_forwardUronic acids are another class compound for carbohydrates. a) Describe the structural difference between glucose and glucouronic acid (in either the Fischer or Haworth form) b) Describe the saccharide units and glycosidic bonding found in hyaluronic acid.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the nitrogenous base guanine is FALSE? A) ALL of these statements are TRUE B) the enol form of guanine base-pairs with thymine C) guanine undergoes a tautomeric shift between a keto and an enol form D) the keto form of guanine base-pairs with cytosine E) an alcohol (-OH) group is present in guanine's enol form, but absent in the keto form F) guanine’s keto form is more stable than its enol formarrow_forward
- Give one specific sample structure (Fischer Projection or Haworth) of the following carbohydrate derivatives: - Alditols - Deoxy-sugararrow_forwardGive one specific sample structure (Fischer Projection or Haworth) of the following carbohydrate derivatives: - Amino-sugararrow_forwardWhich reagent(s) would you use for the following processes related to protein chemistry? Write the respective equations. a) Identification of the terminal amino residue. b) Determination of the amino acid sequence of the peptide Gly-Asp-Ala-Cys c) Reversible denaturation of a protein containing disulfide bonds d) Hydrolysis of peptide bonds of aromatic residues of a protein e) Fragmentation of a protein by breaking peptide bonds on the carbonyl side of methionines.arrow_forward
- Consider each of the following disaccharides: a) Label the acetal and hemiacetal in each disaccharide. b) Number the carbons in each of their monosaccharide rings. c) Classify the glycosidic linkage as α or β and use numbers to designate its location. d) Draw the Fishcher projections of the monosaccharides formed when each of thedisaccharides is hydrolyzed? e) Draw the chair conformation of each monosaccharide, where applicable.arrow_forwardWhich of the following define the stereochemistry of alanine (as per the structure shown)? Note: Functional groups arranged horizontally are facing towards the front, and the functional groups arranged vertically are facing towards the back. СООН + H₂N to OS- Od- CH, OR-arrow_forwardSpermaceti, a fragrant substance isolated from sperm whales, was commonly used in cosmetics until it was banned in 1976 to protect the whales from extinction. Chemically, spermaceti is cetyl palmitate, the ester of palmiticacid with cetyl alcohol (the straight-chain 16-carbon alcohol). Draw the structure of spermaceti.arrow_forward
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