MAKE CONNECTIONS → In a research artide about alkaptonuria published in 1902, Garrod suggested that humans inherit two "characters" (alleles) for a particular enzyme and that both parents must contribute a faulty version for the offspring to have alkaptonuria. Today, would this disorder be called dominant or recessive? (See Concept 14.4.)
1. What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream or downstream end of a transcription unit?
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- Plz do explain.Thanks Question:- Many types of breast cancer have chromosomal translocation mutations. What scenario best describes, what occurs during this type of mutation, causing cells to proliferate abnormally? Β Β Chromosomal translocations may place the gene downstream near the promoter region, therefore causing over-expression of the gene Β Β The gene may be placed in the transcription start site, downstream of the gene, initiating transcription by recruiting polymerase II Β Β Translocation mutations will initiate the transcription of mRNA in the cytoplasm of the cell catalyzing protein synthesis. Β Β Chromosomal translocations can sometimes place a gene under the control of a powerful enhancer, upstream.arrow_forward. Letβs say that you have incredible skill and can isolate the white and red patches of tissue from the Drosophila eyes shown in Figure 12-24 in order to isolate mRNA from each tissue preparation. Using your knowledge of DNA techniques from Chapter 10, design an experiment that would allow you to determine whether RNA is transcribed from the white gene in the red tissue or the whitetissue or both. If you need it, you have access to radioactive white-gene DNAarrow_forwardQ1 There are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ. b) Β Β Hypothesize the transcription of eukaryotic genes using prokaryotic promoter with further explanation.arrow_forward
- E32. In the technique of DNase I footprinting, the binding of a protein to a region of DNA protects that region from digestion by DNase I by blocking the ability of DNase I to gain access to the DNA. In the DNase I footprinting experiment shown here, a researcher began with a sample of cloned DNA 400 bp in length. This DNA contained a eukaryotic promoter for RNA polymerase II. The assembly of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II at the core promoter is described in Chapter 12 (see Figure 12.14). For the sample loaded in lane 1, no proteins were added. For the sample loaded in lane 2, the 400-bp fragment was mixed with RNA polymerase II plus TFIID and TFIIB. 2 400 350 250 175 50 Which region of this 400-bp fragment of DNA is bound by RNA polymerase II and TFIID and TFIIB? || III ||| | ||||arrow_forwardIII.ii-Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Esiankiki: My mom told me that in the case of lactase persistence, it turns out that the persistence is caused by continued expression of the lactase RNA. Xiao-Ma: That's so interesting! Here are some more notes from my biology class. I wonder how the lactase RNA can be expressed in some adults but not in others? Activators bind to genes at enhancer sequences and increase transcription. ACTIVATORS ACTIVATOR COACTIVATORS ENHANCER ACTIVATOR ATA BINDING TATA BOX coactivators function as adaptors and integrate signals from activators and repressors and relay the information to the basal transcription factors. Repressors bind to genes at silencer sequences and decrease transcription. CORE PROMOTER- REPRESSOR POLYMERASE BASAL FACTORS CODING REGION Basal transcription fac- tors and RNA polymerase bind to the core promoter of genes and are required for transcription. Figure 5. Transcription in eukaryotes. - The expression of RNA in eukaryotes is initiated byβ¦arrow_forwardYes or no? is siRNA result of activity of argonaut? Does RNAi result permanently heritable in expression of genes? Β Does northern blotting use to detect the expression of a transcription in multiple tissues?arrow_forward
- A bacterial species has a hypothetical sigmaΒ promoter that has the following sequence: TTGGCA Β- 18 bases - TATAAT What change in the level of transcription would there be if the sequence was mutated to: TTCGCA -18 bases -TATAAT Group of answer choices 1.The mutation would inhibit the promoter thereby inhibiting transcription 2.No change the consensus TATAAT sequence in the same. 3.The mutation would move the promoter away from consensus and reduce the level of transcription 4.The mutation would bind the promoter to the consensus and produce normal levels of transcriptionarrow_forward1. Please tell me: What's a mutation in moleculer terms? 2. When a mutation deletes a base in genomic DNA, how does it affect the expression product production and reading frame?Β 3. How does induction control enzyme synthesis using lactose operon?arrow_forward97Which of the following is examples of a transposable element found in bacteria? (multiple choice questions)A.IS903b.Tn5c.IS1D.Xis 98What is the key component of the catalytic site of the spliceosome? (multiple choice questions)A.DNAb.ribosomesc.proteinD.RNA 99Which antibiotic can binds to RNA polymerase and blocks an early step in RNA synthesis?A.Ampicillinb.Chloramphenicolc.RimantidineD.None of the above 100All tRNA molecules have poly (A) tails at their 3' end. Yesornoarrow_forward
- Mating Ste12 Tec1 Budding 17. (8 points) Scientists are studying the transcription factors Ste12 and Tec1. They have found that when ste12 binds to one part of the genome alone it activates the transcription of genes important in mating pheromones. They also found that when Tec1 binds to another part of the genome alone it activates the transcription of cellular budding genes. Lastly, they found that in another part of the genome, Ste12 and Tec1 both bind to the DNA, they activate the transcription of genes that control the formation of filaments. a) These proteins bind to enhancers. Is Ste12 and Tec1 activators or mediators? How do you know? Filamentation b) Is this system an example of combinatorial control or coordinated control, both or neither? Explain your answer. sold ad bosowarrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts In a mutant strain of E. coli, the CAP protein is unable to combine with its target region of the lac operon. How would you expect the mutation to affect transcription when cells of this strain are subjected to the following conditions? Lactose and glucose are both available. Lactose is available but glucose is not. Both lactose and glucose are unavailable.arrow_forwardA scientist compares the promoter regions of two genes. Gene Aβs core promoter plus proximal promoter elements encompasses 70bp. Gene Bβs core promoter plus proximal promoter elements encompasses 250bp. Which of the scientistβs hypotheses is most likely to be correct? More transcripts will be made from Gene B Transcription of Gene A involves fewer transcription factors Enhancers control Gene Bβs transcription Transcription of Gene A is more controlled than transcription of Gene B.arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax