Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The feasibility of the dimerization of protein at
Concept introduction:
The spontaneity of areaction is determined by Gibbs free energy. The mathematical equation is expressed as follows:
Here,
If
If
If
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Chemistry
- Describe the difference between graphs showing temperature versus reaction rate for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and an uncatalyzed reaction.arrow_forwardGlycolysis is the process by which glucose is metabolized to lactic acid according to the equation C6H12O6(aq)2C3H6O3(aq) G=198 kJ at pH 7.0 and 25°C Glycolysis is the source of energy in human red blood cells. In these cells, the concentration of glucose is 5.0103 M, while that of lactic acid is 2.9103 M. Calculate AG for glycolysis in human blood cells under these conditions. Use the equation G=G+RT In Q, where Q is the concentration quotient, analogous to K.arrow_forwardWhat is an antioxidant enzyme? Why is catalase considered to be an antioxidant enzyme?arrow_forward
- Give two ways in which enzymes are biologically important in industryarrow_forwardEnzymes function most efficiently at the temperature of a typical cell, which is 37 degrees Celsius. Increases or decreases in temperature can significantly lower the reaction rate. What does this suggest about the importance of temperature-regulating mechanisms in organisms? How does this translate to the development of enzyme assays for clinical laboratory testing equipment? Explain.arrow_forwardHow does the near attack conformation (NAC) contribute to enzyme function?arrow_forward
- One step in glycolysis is the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. The direct reaction of fructose-6-phosphate with inorganic phosphate fructose-6-phosphate + Pi ⇌ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H₂O is very unfavorable, with ∆G'°= 16.3 kJ/mol and K'eq = 1.39×10⁻³. However, in glycolysis the reaction is coupled to ATP hydrolysis: fructose-6-phosphate + ATP ⇌ fructose-1,6-phosphate + ADP and the reaction if favorable. What is the equilibrium [fructose-1,6-bisphosphate]/[fructose-6-phosphate] ratio in the coupled reaction when [ATP] = [ADP]? For ATP hydrolysis ∆G'°= -30.5 kJ/mol at 25°C.arrow_forwardThe discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria earned the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2008. Briefly describe an important application of GFP.arrow_forwardpick the substance and conditions which would have the higher entropy. a) fructose (C6H12O6) b) sucrose (C12H24O12)arrow_forward
- If you wanted to improve the catalytic efficiency of an enzyme, what changes might you make the enzyme and why?arrow_forwardWhat is the process that involves the breaking of intermolecular forces that hold an enzyme into the ordered three dimensional shape? A) denaturation B) allosteric inhibition C) enzyme inhibition D) protein folding E) post-translational modificationarrow_forwardWhat is the general role of enzymes in the human body?arrow_forward
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