Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259700903
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., Janice Fischer, Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18, Problem 4P

In mice, a group of so-called Hox genes encode transcription factors that control the patterning of the animal’s vertebral column. For example, the cervical vertebrae (labeled C1 and C2 below) express both HoxA1 and HoxD4 proteins, while the occipital bones at the base of the animal’s skull (labeled E below) express HoxA1 only.

 Chapter 18, Problem 4P, In mice, a group of so-called Hox genes encode transcription factors that control the patterning of

Scientists hypothesized that the expression of HoxD4, controlled at the level of transcription initiation, is what makes C1 and C2 develop differently from the occipital bones.

a. Describe a gene construct you could introduce by pronuclear injection that you could use to test this hypothesis.
b. If the hypothesis is correct, what result would you expect in the transgenic mice?
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A strain of Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a mutation in the APETALA2 gene. As a result of this mutation, much of the 3′ UTR of the mRNA transcribed from the gene is deleted. What is the most likely effect of this mutation on the expression of the APETALA2 gene?
a. The eyeless gene is required for eye formation in Drosophila. It encodes a homeodomain. What would you predict about the biochemical function of the Eyeless protein?b. Where would you predict that the eyeless gene is expressed in development? How would you test your prediction? c. The Small eye and Aniridia genes of mice and humans, respectively, encode proteins with very strong sequence similarity to the fly Eyeless protein, and they are named for their effects on eye development. Devise one test to examine whether the mouse and human genes are functionally equivalent to the fly eyeless gene.
name TWO mechanisms of control of gene expression that are only used by eukaryotes and discuss why each of those mechanisms wouldn’t be possible in prokaryotes.

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Genetics: From Genes to Genomes

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