Chapter 18, Problem 67PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom $\left(F,Cl,Br,I\right)$ .

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group $\left(-N{O}_2\right)$ is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group $\left(-N{O}_2\right)$ is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If - oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group $\left(-N{O}_2\right)$ is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom $\left(F,Cl,Br,I\right)$ .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution is the reaction between arenes and acyl chlorides or anhydrides for the synthesis of monoacylated compound. The products are deactivated, as well as do not undergo a second substitution.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group $\left(-N{O}_2\right)$ is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group $\left(-N{O}_2\right)$ is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Oxidation: If electrons are moved from a species or oxygen atoms are added to a species or hydrogen atom gets removed from a species during a chemical reaction is known as reduction.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction: $S_{N}Ar$ reaction is a substitution reaction occurs on an aromatic ring where a good leaving group on it is displaced by a nucleophile.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group $\left(-N{O}_2\right)$ is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Chlorination: In chlorination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a chlorine atom.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group $\left(-N{O}_2\right)$ is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Halogenation: In halogenation reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a halogen atom $\left(F,Cl,Br,I\right)$ .

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Synthesis of the given compound has to be proposed using benzene as starting material.

Concept Introduction:

Benzene is an electron rich aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.

The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Nitration: in nitration reaction, one nitro group $\left(-N{O}_2\right)$ is introduced to an organic molecule. Mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used for nitration.

Bromination: In bromination reaction, hydrogen atom of a molecule is replaced by a bromine atom.