Chapter 18, Problem 74IP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compounds A and B should be determined and also the major product under given set of conditions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Electrophilic aromatic substitution is anywhere benzene acts as a nucleophile to return a substituent with a new electrophile. The benzene needs to donate electrons from within the ring.

Benzene becomes fewer reactive in EAS when deactivating groups are present on it.

Deactivating groups are often fine electron-withdrawing groups.

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a useful group in a compound, which is typically, extra than not always, and a hydrogen atom. The other main type of electrophilic substitution reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

IR spectral studies: It is a spectroscopic technique which is used to determine the functional groups present in the given compound sample by absorbing frequency in particular range with respect to the group present in the given sample.

Wavenumber: It is defined as the number of waves in one centimeter. The wavenumber indicates the location of each signal with respect to the functional group in the molecule and its unit is ${\text{cm}}^{\text{-1}}$.

Molecular formula: It represents the types of atoms with their total number present in a given molecule.

The Hydrogen Deficiency Index (HDI): It is used to measure the number of degrees of unsaturation (double and triple bonds) present in a given molecule. It is determined by using the formula $\text{HDI}\text{=}\frac{\text{1}}{\text{2}}\text{[(2}\times \text{No}\text{. of Carbon atoms)+2+(No}\text{. of Nitrogen atoms)-(No}\text{. of Hydrogen atoms)-(No}\text{. of halogens)]}$