Plausible mechanism for the given reaction has to be proposed. Concept Introduction: Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which a particular group or atom in a compound is replaced by nucleophile. A nucleophile is a species that is rich of electrons Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond . N a N H 2 is a very strong base and a good nucleophile. In a reaction, sodium amide is used to deprotonate alcohols, alkyne Benzyne mechanism: A strong base abstract the proton from ortho to the leaving group in aromatic ring, followed by loss of leaving group which forms benzyne intermediate. This benzyne intermediate is highly unstable it undergoes nucleophilic attack and protonation which leads to the formation of the product. Example: Chloro benzene is converted to a phenol in the presence of base by the use of benzyne mechanism. The mechanism of phenol sequence of arrow pushing pattern is given.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 92CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Plausible mechanism for the given reaction has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which a particular group or atom in a compound is replaced by nucleophile. A nucleophile is a species that is rich of electrons

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

NaNH2 is a very strong base and a good nucleophile. In a reaction, sodium amide is used to deprotonate alcohols, alkyne

Benzyne mechanism: A strong base abstract the proton from ortho to the leaving group in aromatic ring, followed by loss of leaving group which forms benzyne intermediate. This benzyne intermediate is highly unstable it undergoes nucleophilic attack and protonation which leads to the formation of the product.

Example:

Chloro benzene is converted to a phenol in the presence of base by the use of benzyne mechanism.

The mechanism of phenol sequence of arrow pushing pattern is given.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 92CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Plausible mechanism for the given reaction has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which a particular group or atom in a compound is replaced by nucleophile. A nucleophile is a species that is rich of electrons

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

NaNH2 is a very strong base and a good nucleophile. In a reaction, sodium amide is used to deprotonate alcohols, alkyne

Benzyne mechanism: A strong base abstract the proton from ortho to the leaving group in aromatic ring, followed by loss of leaving group which forms benzyne intermediate. This benzyne intermediate is highly unstable it undergoes nucleophilic attack and protonation which leads to the formation of the product.

Example:

Chloro benzene is converted to a phenol in the presence of base by the use of benzyne mechanism.

The mechanism of phenol sequence of arrow pushing pattern is given.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 92CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Plausible mechanism for the given reaction has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which a particular group or atom in a compound is replaced by nucleophile. A nucleophile is a species that is rich of electrons

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

NaNH2 is a very strong base and a good nucleophile. In a reaction, sodium amide is used to deprotonate alcohols, alkyne

Benzyne mechanism: A strong base abstract the proton from ortho to the leaving group in aromatic ring, followed by loss of leaving group which forms benzyne intermediate. This benzyne intermediate is highly unstable it undergoes nucleophilic attack and protonation which leads to the formation of the product.

Example:

Chloro benzene is converted to a phenol in the presence of base by the use of benzyne mechanism.

The mechanism of phenol sequence of arrow pushing pattern is given.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 92CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Plausible mechanism for the given reaction has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which a particular group or atom in a compound is replaced by nucleophile. A nucleophile is a species that is rich of electrons

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

NaNH2 is a very strong base and a good nucleophile. In a reaction, sodium amide is used to deprotonate alcohols, alkyne

Benzyne mechanism: A strong base abstract the proton from ortho to the leaving group in aromatic ring, followed by loss of leaving group which forms benzyne intermediate. This benzyne intermediate is highly unstable it undergoes nucleophilic attack and protonation which leads to the formation of the product.

Example:

Chloro benzene is converted to a phenol in the presence of base by the use of benzyne mechanism.

The mechanism of phenol sequence of arrow pushing pattern is given.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 92CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Plausible mechanism for the given reaction has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which a particular group or atom in a compound is replaced by nucleophile. A nucleophile is a species that is rich of electrons

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

NaNH2 is a very strong base and a good nucleophile. In a reaction, sodium amide is used to deprotonate alcohols, alkyne

Benzyne mechanism: A strong base abstract the proton from ortho to the leaving group in aromatic ring, followed by loss of leaving group which forms benzyne intermediate. This benzyne intermediate is highly unstable it undergoes nucleophilic attack and protonation which leads to the formation of the product.

Example:

Chloro benzene is converted to a phenol in the presence of base by the use of benzyne mechanism.

The mechanism of phenol sequence of arrow pushing pattern is given.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 92CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Plausible mechanism for the given reaction has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which a particular group or atom in a compound is replaced by nucleophile. A nucleophile is a species that is rich of electrons

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

NaNH2 is a very strong base and a good nucleophile. In a reaction, sodium amide is used to deprotonate alcohols, alkyne

Benzyne mechanism: A strong base abstract the proton from ortho to the leaving group in aromatic ring, followed by loss of leaving group which forms benzyne intermediate. This benzyne intermediate is highly unstable it undergoes nucleophilic attack and protonation which leads to the formation of the product.

Example:

Chloro benzene is converted to a phenol in the presence of base by the use of benzyne mechanism.

The mechanism of phenol sequence of arrow pushing pattern is given.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 92CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Plausible mechanism for the given reaction has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which a particular group or atom in a compound is replaced by nucleophile. A nucleophile is a species that is rich of electrons

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

NaNH2 is a very strong base and a good nucleophile. In a reaction, sodium amide is used to deprotonate alcohols, alkyne

Benzyne mechanism: A strong base abstract the proton from ortho to the leaving group in aromatic ring, followed by loss of leaving group which forms benzyne intermediate. This benzyne intermediate is highly unstable it undergoes nucleophilic attack and protonation which leads to the formation of the product.

Example:

Chloro benzene is converted to a phenol in the presence of base by the use of benzyne mechanism.

The mechanism of phenol sequence of arrow pushing pattern is given.

Answer 8

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 10CC

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