Chapter 18.4, Problem 4CC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the following reaction has to be outlined –

Concept Introduction:

Electrophilic substitution reactions of aromatic compounds are known as aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions. An electrophile is a species that is deficient of electrons.

Aromatic compounds agree with Huckel’s rule of aromaticity - cyclic, planar and have $\left(\text{4n+2}\right)\text{π}$ electrons.

Benzene is an electron rich Aromatic compound. It undergoes aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction.  The delocalized nature of pi electrons in benzene attributes a special property to benzene called resonance.

The carbocation formed in Benzene (arene) ring Carbon is known as arenium carbocation. It is also known as sigma complex. It is the intermediate involved in all the aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene and related compounds.  It is stabilized by delocalization of pi electrons that is resonance.

Mixture of concentrated Nitric acid and concentrated Sulfuric acid is used in nitration reaction of benzene and its related compounds.