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ChemistryChemistry & Chemical Reactivity“Heater Meals” are food packages that contain their own heat source, lust pour water into the heater unit, wait a few minutes, and voila! You have a hot meal. Mg(s) + 2 H 2 O( ℓ ) → Mg(OH) 2 (s) + H 2 (g) (a) Confirm that this is a product-favored reaction at equilibrium at 25 °C. (b) What mass of magnesium is required to produce sufficient energy to heat 225 mL of water (density = 0.995 g/mL) from 25 °C to the boiling point?

“Heater Meals” are food packages that contain their own heat source, lust pour water into the heater unit, wait a few minutes, and voila! You have a hot meal. Mg(s) + 2 H 2 O( ℓ ) → Mg(OH) 2 (s) + H 2 (g) (a) Confirm that this is a product-favored reaction at equilibrium at 25 °C. (b) What mass of magnesium is required to produce sufficient energy to heat 225 mL of water (density = 0.995 g/mL) from 25 °C to the boiling point?

BuyFind

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

9th Edition
John C. Kotz + 3 others
Publisher: Cengage Learning
ISBN: 9781133949640
BuyFind

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

9th Edition
John C. Kotz + 3 others
Publisher: Cengage Learning
ISBN: 9781133949640

Solutions

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Chapter 18, Problem 77SCQ
Textbook Problem

“Heater Meals” are food packages that contain their own heat source, lust pour water into the heater unit, wait a few minutes, and voila! You have a hot meal.

Mg(s) + 2 H2O(ℓ) → Mg(OH)2(s) + H2(g)

  1. (a) Confirm that this is a product-favored reaction at equilibrium at 25 °C.
  2. (b) What mass of magnesium is required to produce sufficient energy to heat 225 mL of water (density = 0.995 g/mL) from 25 °C to the boiling point?

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Chapter 18,
Problem 76SCQ
Chapter 18,
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Chapter 18 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 18.1 - 1. A process is spontaneous in the direction that...Ch. 18.1 - A process that is reactant-favored at equilibrium...Ch. 18.1 - Endothermic processes are (a) always spontaneous...Ch. 18.2 - In a spontaneous process, S(universe) is (a) 0 (b)...Ch. 18.2 - 2. Which of the following is true for a...Ch. 18.2 - 3. For a particular system, qrev at 25 °C is equal...Ch. 18.3 - 1. As the number of microstates over which energy...Ch. 18.3 - Calculate the change in entropy for a system in...Ch. 18.4 - Predict which substance in each pair has the...Ch. 18.4 - Calculate the standard entropy changes for the...
Ch. 18.4 - Without looking up their standard entropies in...Ch. 18.4 - Without doing any calculations, predict the sign...Ch. 18.4 - Calculate rS for the following reaction at 25 C....Ch. 18.5 - Based on rH and rS, predict the spontaneity of the...Ch. 18.5 - Calculate rS for the following reaction at 25 C...Ch. 18.5 - Calculate S(universe) for the following reaction...Ch. 18.5 - 3. If rH° = +467.9 kJ/mol-rxn and rS° = +560.7 J/K...Ch. 18.6 - For a reaction to be spontaneous, rG will be...Ch. 18.6 - A reaction for which rG 0 is (a) product-favored...Ch. 18.7 - Using values of fH and S to find rH and rS,...Ch. 18.7 - Calculate the standard free energy change for the...Ch. 18.7 - Oxygen was first prepared by Joseph Priestley...Ch. 18.7 - Determine the value of rG for the reaction C(s) +...Ch. 18.7 - Determine the value of the equilibrium constant,...Ch. 18.7 - Nitrogen and oxygen can react to form nitrogen...Ch. 18.7 - 1. Given that H° = −2219 kJ/mol-rxn and that rS° =...Ch. 18.7 - 2. Using values of rG°, determine the value of rG°...Ch. 18.7 - 3. The value of Kp for the following reaction at...Ch. 18.7 - Consider the hydrolysis reactions of creatine...Ch. 18.7 - Assume the reaction A(aq) + B(aq) C(aq) +...Ch. 18.A - The decomposition of diamond to graphite...Ch. 18.A - It has been demonstrated that buckminsterfullerene...Ch. 18 - Which substance has the higher entropy? (a) dry...Ch. 18 - Which substance has the higher entropy? (a) a...Ch. 18 - Use S values to calculate the standard entropy...Ch. 18 - Use S values to calculate the standard entropy...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 18 - Is the reaction Si(s) + 2 Cl2(g) SiCl4(g)...Ch. 18 - Is the reaction Si(s) + 2 H2(g) SiH4(g)...Ch. 18 - Calculate S(universe) for the decomposition of 1...Ch. 18 - Calculate S(universe) for the formation of 1 mol...Ch. 18 - Classify each of the reactions according to one of...Ch. 18 - Classify each of the reactions according to one of...Ch. 18 - Using values of fH and S, calculate rG for each of...Ch. 18 - Using values of fH and S, calculate rG for each of...Ch. 18 - Using values of fH and S, calculate the standard...Ch. 18 - Using values of fH and S, calculate the standard...Ch. 18 - Using values of fG, calculate rG for each of the...Ch. 18 - Using values of fG, calculate rG for each of the...Ch. 18 - For the reaction BaCO3(s) BaO(s) + CO2(g), rG =...Ch. 18 - For the reaction TiCl2(s) + Cl2(g) TiCl4(), rG =...Ch. 18 - Determine whether the reactions listed below are...Ch. 18 - Determine whether the reactions listed below are...Ch. 18 - Heating some metal carbonates, among them...Ch. 18 - Calculate rH and rS for the reaction of tin(IV)...Ch. 18 - The standard free energy change, rG, for the...Ch. 18 - The standard free energy change, rG, for the...Ch. 18 - Calculate rG at 25 C for the formation of 1.00 mol...Ch. 18 - Calculate rG at 25 C for the formation of 1.00 mol...Ch. 18 - For the synthesis of ammonia from its elements at...Ch. 18 - For the decomposition of solid calcium carbonate...Ch. 18 - Compare the compounds in each set below and decide...Ch. 18 - Using standard entropy values, calculate rS for...Ch. 18 - About 5 billion kilograms of benzene, C6H6, are...Ch. 18 - Hydrogenation, the addition of hydrogen to an...Ch. 18 - Is the combustion of ethane, C2H6, product-favored...Ch. 18 - Write a balanced equation that depicts the...Ch. 18 - When vapors from hydrochloric acid and aqueous...Ch. 18 - Calculate S(system), S(surroundings), and...Ch. 18 - Methanol is now widely used as a fuel in race...Ch. 18 - The enthalpy of vaporization of liquid diethyl...Ch. 18 - Calculate the entropy change, rS, for the...Ch. 18 - Using thermodynamic data, estimate the normal...Ch. 18 - The following reaction is reactant-favored at...Ch. 18 - When calcium carbonate is heated strongly, CO2 gas...Ch. 18 - Sodium reacts violently with water according to...Ch. 18 - Yeast can produce ethanol by the fermentation of...Ch. 18 - Elemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can...Ch. 18 - Estimate the vapor pressure of ethanol at 37 C...Ch. 18 - The equilibrium constant, Kp, for N2O4(g) 2...Ch. 18 - Estimate the boiling point of water in Denver,...Ch. 18 - The equilibrium constant for the butane ...Ch. 18 - A crucial reaction for the production of synthetic...Ch. 18 - Calculate rG for the decomposition of sulfur...Ch. 18 - Methanol can be made by partial oxidation of...Ch. 18 - A cave in Mexico was recently discovered to have...Ch. 18 - Wet limestone is used to scrub SO2 gas from the...Ch. 18 - Sulfur undergoes a phase transition between 80 and...Ch. 18 - Calculate the entropy change for dissolving HCl...Ch. 18 - Some metal oxides can be decomposed to the metal...Ch. 18 - Copper(II) oxide, CuO, can be reduced to copper...Ch. 18 - Calculate fG for HI(g) at 350 C, given the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 18 - Titanium(IV) oxide is converted to titanium...Ch. 18 - Cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] is a...Ch. 18 - Mercury vapor is dangerous because breathing it...Ch. 18 - Explain why each of the following statements is...Ch. 18 - Decide whether each of the following statements is...Ch. 18 - Under what conditions is the entropy of a pure...Ch. 18 - In Chapter 13, you learned that entropy, as well...Ch. 18 - Consider the formation of NO(g) from its elements....Ch. 18 - Write a chemical equation for the oxidation of...Ch. 18 - The normal melting point of benzene, C6H6, is 5.5...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard molar entropy change, rS,...Ch. 18 - For each of the following processes, predict the...Ch. 18 - Heater Meals are food packages that contain their...Ch. 18 - Use values of fG for solid and gaseous iodine at...Ch. 18 - Oxygen dissolved in water can cause corrosion in...Ch. 18 - The formation of diamond from graphite is a...Ch. 18 - Iodine, I2, dissolves readily in carbon...Ch. 18 - Write an equation for the reaction of Fe2O3(s) and...Ch. 18 - Write an equation for the decomposition of 1.0 mol...Ch. 18 - Consider the reaction of NO and Cl2 to produce...Ch. 18 - Two processes that can be used to generate...Ch. 18 - Hydrogen and methane are two possible replacements...Ch. 18 - The Haber-Bosch process for the production of...Ch. 18 - Muscle cells need energy to contract. One...

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