(a)
Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid has to be stated.
Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a
(b)
Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a
(c)
Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a
(d)
Interpretation: Alkyl bromide used in the malonic ester synthesis of each carboxylic acid is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester is reacted with an alkoxide base which removes a
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Organic Chemistry (Looseleaf) - With Access
- What is the importance of proton transfer in the formation of ester? A.The carbonyl carbon is easily attacked by the nucleophile. B. The oxygen that has been attached to the two alkyl groups will become stable. C. The removal of a bulky substituent attached to the reactive site stabilizes the compound. D. none of the abovearrow_forwardDraw the structure of both an acid chloride and an ester that can be used to prepare each compound by reduction.arrow_forwardWhat happens when water, alcohols or other protic solvents are used in Grignard reactions?arrow_forward
- Mineral oil was used in Fischer Esterification to separate the ester product from the aqueous reactants, preventing the reaction from reversing upon reaction with water. Mineral oil was used for experiments at home. How would this be carried out in professional laboratories? Can something else aside from mineral oil be used?arrow_forwardGive one reason why benzene can act as an acid in the following reaction.arrow_forwardhe conversion of acid anhydrides to ester via alkoxides is a favorable reaction (equilibrium proceeds to the right). True or False?arrow_forward
- a) Put these three common types of carbonyl compound in order of decreasing reactivity ester amide acid chloride b) For the least reactive, show the interconversion to its other resonance form: How does this electron delocalisation make it stable? c) For the most reactive, draw the mechanism of its undergoing hydrolysis (reaction with H2O): Why makes this type of carbonyl so reactive to nucleophiles?arrow_forwardWhen synthesizing acetals and ketals, what is the main driving force behind whether the reaction favors the carbonyl species or the acetal/ketal? a the catalytic acid b solvent c temperature d Le Châtelier's Principlearrow_forwardExplain why the carbonyl group can function as both a nucleophile and electrophile.arrow_forward
- Which of the following will not oxidize benzaldehyde? -- acidified KMnO4 -- acidified K2CrO4 -- Tollen’s reagent followed by H3O+ -- Basic I2 in KIarrow_forwardDraw the most stable enol form for this structurearrow_forwardIn an experiment, triphenylmethanol is prepared using the Grignard reaction. The Grignard reaction involves preparation and reaction of a very nucleophilic organo-magnesium compound. The Grignard reagent is very reactive and is easily destroyed by reaction with atmospheric water, oxygen, or carbon dioxide. The Grignard reagent must be prepared under strict anhydrous conditions (dry glassware, dry solvent). The volative solvent, diethyl ether, helps to prevent oxygen or carbon dioxide from entering the reaction vessel. Reaction of bromobenzene with magnesium in ether produces phenylmagnesium bromide. This Grignard reagent then reacts with methyl benzoate to produce the corresponding alkoxide. Reaction of the alkoxide with aqueous acid then produces the alcohol. Why does pressure develop when the separatory funnel containing aqueous sulfuric acid and the ethereal solution of organic products is shaken?arrow_forward
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