UNIVERSE LL W/SAPLINGPLUS MULTI SEMESTER
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319278670
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 19, Problem 16Q
To determine
The changes in the universe if
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Suppose that the universe were full of spherical objects, each of mass m and radius r . If the objects were distributed uniformly throughout the universe, what number density (#/m3) of spherical objects would be required to make the density equal to the critical density of our Universe?
Values:
m = 10 kg
r = 0.0399 m
Answer must be in scientific notation and include zero decimal places (1 sig fig --- e.g., 1234 should be written as 1*10^3)
The mass density of our universe is measured to be about 10-29 kg/m3. If an arbitrary point is chosen as the center, how large is the radius of a spherical surface centered at the point so that the mass enclosed in the surface will become a blackhole observed by someone outside the surface?
A. 4.2 trillion light years
B. 420 billion light years
C. 42 billion light years
D. 4.2 billion light years
Is the answer D? Thanks!
Assume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place.
Values: n = 1*10^80
Chapter 19 Solutions
UNIVERSE LL W/SAPLINGPLUS MULTI SEMESTER
Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19 - Prob. 5CCCh. 19 - Prob. 6CCCh. 19 - Prob. 7CCCh. 19 - Prob. 8CCCh. 19 - Prob. 9CCCh. 19 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 19 - Prob. 11CCCh. 19 - Prob. 12CCCh. 19 - Prob. 13CCCh. 19 - Prob. 14CCCh. 19 - Prob. 15CCCh. 19 - Prob. 1QCh. 19 - Prob. 2QCh. 19 - Prob. 3QCh. 19 - Prob. 4QCh. 19 - Prob. 5QCh. 19 - Prob. 6QCh. 19 - Prob. 7QCh. 19 - Prob. 8QCh. 19 - Prob. 9QCh. 19 - Prob. 10QCh. 19 - Prob. 11QCh. 19 - Prob. 12QCh. 19 - Prob. 13QCh. 19 - Prob. 14QCh. 19 - Prob. 15QCh. 19 - Prob. 16QCh. 19 - Prob. 17QCh. 19 - Prob. 18QCh. 19 - Prob. 19QCh. 19 - Prob. 20QCh. 19 - Prob. 21QCh. 19 - Prob. 22QCh. 19 - Prob. 23QCh. 19 - Prob. 24QCh. 19 - Prob. 25QCh. 19 - Prob. 26QCh. 19 - Prob. 27QCh. 19 - Prob. 28QCh. 19 - Prob. 29QCh. 19 - Prob. 30QCh. 19 - Prob. 31QCh. 19 - Prob. 32QCh. 19 - Prob. 33QCh. 19 - Prob. 34QCh. 19 - Prob. 35QCh. 19 - Prob. 36QCh. 19 - Prob. 37QCh. 19 - Prob. 38QCh. 19 - Prob. 39QCh. 19 - Prob. 40QCh. 19 - Prob. 41QCh. 19 - Prob. 42QCh. 19 - Prob. 43QCh. 19 - Prob. 44QCh. 19 - Prob. 45QCh. 19 - Prob. 46QCh. 19 - Prob. 47QCh. 19 - Prob. 48QCh. 19 - Prob. 49QCh. 19 - Prob. 50QCh. 19 - Prob. 51QCh. 19 - Prob. 52QCh. 19 - Prob. 53QCh. 19 - Prob. 61Q
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- The temperature of the CMB today is T=2.725 K. Calculate the temperature of the CMB at redshift z=2000arrow_forwardThe history of the universe described by the Big Bang theory is separated into different eras. During which era was the predominant temperature of the Universe about 1 million Kelvin?a.The Plank Erab.The GUT Erac.The Electroweak Erad.The Era of Nucleie.The Era of AtomsSome planets have very strong magnetic fields. What features must a planet have to cause this?a.both rapid rotation and a conducting liquid coreb.only a rapid rotationc.only a liquid conducting cored.both a rapid rotation and a solid metallic coree.only a metallic corearrow_forwardAssume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place. Value: n = 4*1080arrow_forward
- 10. In most models for the early universe, which was the first force to have frozen out of the original Supersymmetric force? a. Weak Nuclear Force. b. Strong Nuclear Force. c. Gravity. d. Electromagnetism.arrow_forwardWhat is the percentage difference mass loss between a Helium nucleus and 4 protons? My math came out to 99% but I think I did something wrong (this assumes the mass for of 4 protons is 6.6792 x 10^-27kg and a the mass of a helium nucleus is 6.6892e x 10^-27kg (Units need to be in kilograms to use with e=mc^2)arrow_forwardWhy couldn't atomic nuclei exist when the age of the universe was less than 2 minutes?arrow_forward
- The mass of 1H is 1.007825 u and the mass of 1n is 1.008665 u. The mass of 12C is 12.000000 u, of 13N is 13.005739 u, and of 14N is 14.003074 u. What is the binding energy of the last proton in 13N?arrow_forwardRecent findings in astrophysics suggest that the observable universe can be modeled as a sphere of radius R=13.7x109 light-years=13.0 x 1025m with an average total mass density of about 1x10-26 kg/m3 Only about 4% of total mass is due to “ordinary” matter (such as protons, neutrons, and electrons). Estimate how much ordinary matter (in kg) there is in the observable universe. (For the light-year, see Problem 19.)arrow_forwardWhat is the order of objects to form from first to last after the Big Bang nuclei,neutral Atoms, protons?arrow_forward
- In a cyclotron facility, 106 atoms of F-18 were created. The half-life of F-18 is 110 minutes. After the target has sat and decayed for 220 minutes, how many F-18 atoms are left? 3.0 x 105 atoms 1.5 x 105 atoms 2.5 x 105 atoms 2.0 x 105 atomsarrow_forwardThe CMB contains roughly 400 million photons per m3. The energy of each photon depends on its wavelength. Calculate the typical wavelength of a CMB photon. Hint: The CMB is blackbody radiation at a temperature of 2.73 K. According to Wien’s law, the peak wave length in nanometers is given by max=3106T . Calculate the wavelength at which the CMB is a maximum and, to make the units consistent, convert this wavelength from nanometers to meters.arrow_forward
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