UNIVERSE LL W/SAPLINGPLUS MULTI SEMESTER
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319278670
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 19, Problem 20Q
To determine
The reason for the inference of the astronomers that globular clusters are made up of old stars.
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If you assume that a globular cluster 6 arc minutes in diameter is actually 27 pc in diameter, how far away is it? (Hint: Use the small-angle formula.)
If you assume that a globular cluster 4 arc minutes in diameter is actually 27 pc in diameter, how far away is it? (Hint: Use the small-angle formula.)
___ kpc
How is the turnoff point on the H-R diagram of a cluster related to the cluster’s age?
Chapter 19 Solutions
UNIVERSE LL W/SAPLINGPLUS MULTI SEMESTER
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- In which of these star groups would you mostly likely find the least heavy-element abundance for the stars within them: open clusters, globular clusters, or associations?arrow_forwardWhy are star clusters so useful for astronomers who want to study the evolution of stars?arrow_forwardYou can use the equation in Exercise 22.34 to estimate the approximate ages of the clusters in Figure 22.10, Figure 22.12, and Figure 22.13. Use the information in the figures to determine the luminosity of the most massive star still on the main sequence. Now use the data in Table 18.3 to estimate the mass of this star. Then calculate the age of the cluster. This method is similar to the procedure used by astronomers to obtain the ages of clusters, except that they use actual data and model calculations rather than simply making estimates from a drawing. How do your ages compare with the ages in the text? Figure 22.10 NGC 2264 HR Diagram. Compare this HR diagram to that in Figure 22.8; although the points scatter a bit more here, the theoretical and observational diagrams are remarkably, and satisfyingly, similar. Figure 22.12 Cluster M41. (a) Cluster M41 is older than NGC 2264 (see Figure 22.10) and contains several red giants. Some of its more massive stars are no longer close to the zero-age main sequence (red line). (b) This ground-based photograph shows the open cluster M41. Note that it contains several orange-color stars. These are stars that have exhausted hydrogen in their centers, and have swelled up to become red giants. (credit b: modification of work by NOAO/AURA/NSF) Figure 22.13 HR Diagram for an Older Cluster. We see the HR diagram for a hypothetical older cluster at an age of 4.24 billion years. Note that most of the stars on the upper part of the main sequence have turned off toward the red-giant region. And the most massive stars in the cluster have already died and are no longer on the diagram. Characteristics of Main-Sequence Starsarrow_forward
- If the Sun were a member of the cluster NGC 2264, would it be on the main sequence yet? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhy do nebulae near hot stars look red? Why do dust clouds near stars usually look blue?arrow_forwardCalculate the mass-to-light ratio for a globular cluster with a luminosity of 106LSunand 105 stars. (Assume that the average mass of a star in such a cluster is 1 MSun.)arrow_forward
- If most stars become white dwarfs at the ends of their lives and the formation of white dwarfs is accompanied by the production of a planetary nebula, why are there more white dwarfs than planetary nebulae in the Galaxy?arrow_forwardExplain how an HR diagram of the stars in a cluster can be used to determine the age of the cluster.arrow_forwardIn the HR diagrams for some young clusters, stars of both very low and very high luminosity are off to the right of the main sequence, whereas those of intermediate luminosity are on the main sequence. Can you offer an explanation for that? Sketch an HR diagram for such a cluster.arrow_forward
- If an open cluster contains 650 stars and is 27 pc in diameter, what is the average distance between the stars? (Hint: On average, what share of the volume of the cluster surrounds each star?)arrow_forwardAutomobiles are often used as an analogy to help people better understand how more massive stars have much shorter main-sequence lifetimes compared to less massive stars. Can you explain such an analogy using automobiles?arrow_forwardConsider the following five kinds of objects: open cluster, giant molecular cloud, globular cluster, group of O and B stars, and planetary nebulae. A. Which occur only in spiral arms? B. Which occur only in the parts of the Galaxy other than the spiral arms? C. Which are thought to be very young? D. Which are thought to be very old? E. Which have the hottest stars?arrow_forward
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