Chapter 19, Problem 19.42AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The curved arrow mechanism for bisulfite addition product is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical formula of sodium bisulfite is ${\text{NaHSO}}_{\text{3}}$. The saturated solution of sodium bisulfite in the presence of water reacts with aldehydes or ketones to give bisulfite compounds which are crystalline in nature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The effect of adding either ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}$ or ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ in the reaction of sodium bisulfite and aldehydes and a few ketones is to be stated with the help of Le Châtelier’s principle.

Concept introduction:

Le Châtelier’s principle is defined as the effect that moves the reaction in that direction where it suppresses the change of cause. If there is an increase in the concentration in the forward direction then reaction moves in the backward direction to minimize the change of the cause that is a concentration of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reaction of sodium bisulfite with $\text{2-methylpentanal}$ is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of sodium bisulfite with carbonyl compounds is used in the purification of carbonyl compounds. The aldehydes are more reactive towards sodium sulfite. The ketones are less reactive towards sodium sulfite due to steric hindrance in the molecule.