Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Among the terms acidic hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation and oxidation, the term that can be applied to the given reaction change has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol is carried out in the presence of an acid or a base. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of an acid forms glycerol and fatty acid as the desired products. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of a base forms glycerol and fatty acid salts as the desired products.
The process of addition of hydrogen atoms across the carbon-carbon double or triple bond is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is the process of converting an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.
The process of converting a fat or oil into the fatty acid salts and glycerol in the presence of water and a base like
(b)
Interpretation: Among the terms acidic hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation and oxidation, the term that can be applied to the given reaction change has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol is carried out in the presence of an acid or a base. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of an acid forms glycerol and fatty acid as the desired products. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of a base forms glycerol and fatty acid salts as the desired products.
The process of addition of hydrogen atoms across the carbon-carbon double or triple bond is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is the process of converting an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.
The process of converting a fat or oil into the fatty acid salts and glycerol in the presence of water and a base like
(c)
Interpretation: Among the terms acidic hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation and oxidation, the term that can be applied to the given reaction change has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol is carried out in the presence of an acid or a base. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of an acid forms glycerol and fatty acid as the desired products. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of a base forms glycerol and fatty acid salts as the desired products.
The process of addition of hydrogen atoms across the carbon-carbon double or triple bond is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is the process of converting an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.
The process of converting a fat or oil into the fatty acid salts and glycerol in the presence of water and a base like
(d)
Interpretation: Among the terms acidic hydrolysis, saponification, hydrogenation and oxidation, the term that can be applied to the given reaction change has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol is carried out in the presence of an acid or a base. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of an acid forms glycerol and fatty acid as the desired products. The hydrolysis of triacylglycerol takes place in the presence of a base forms glycerol and fatty acid salts as the desired products.
The process of addition of hydrogen atoms across the carbon-carbon double or triple bond is known as hydrogenation. Hydrogenation is the process of converting an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.
The process of converting a fat or oil into the fatty acid salts and glycerol in the presence of water and a base like
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Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which of the following increases the rate of a reaction? a. cold temperatures b. solid reactants c. increased reactant concentration d. absence of a catalystarrow_forwardWhich two of the following apply to the products of an exergonic reaction? A. Have less energy than the reactants B. Are less ordered than the reactants C. Are more ordered than the reactants D. Have more energy than the reactantsarrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following descriptions concerning the molecule sphingosine is true or false. a. Carbons 1, 2, and 3 all bear the same kind of functional group. b. Three different kinds of functional groups are present. c. It is an unsaturated diaminoalcohol. d. The carbon chain contains 20 carbon atoms.arrow_forward
- One major difference between inorganic catalysts and organic catalysts is: A. Inorganic catalysts may not be compatible with biological parameters B. Organic catalysts are consumed during the chemical reaction C. Organic catalysts influence the activation energy of a reaction D. Inorganic catalysts decrease the probability a reaction will occurarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. catalytic dyad b. transition state theory c. hydroxide ion catalysis d. reaction intermediate e. proximity and orientation effectsarrow_forwardA reducing chemical reaction: a. reduces the compound to a simpler form b. adds an electron to the substrate c. removes a hydrogen atom from the substrate d. is a catabolic reaction. With reason.arrow_forward
- A histidine was determined to be the critical residue involved in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. If the pKa of the histidine is known to be 6.5 in the active site and the pH of maximum catalytic activity is 7.2, what is likely the primary role of histidine in the catalytic reaction? A. forms a covalent bond with the substrate B. reduces the entropy of the substrate C. stabilizes a charged intermediate D. acts as a proton donor Aspartate and lysine are in the active site of an enzyme. They are both known to participate directly in catalysis. The pKa's of the residues are found to be 3.2 and 9.6, respectively for aspartate and lysine. The optimum pH for the enzyme is 6.4. Which forms of these two residues will predominate when the enzyme is most active? A. aspartate is protonated; lysine is deprotonated B. both residues are deprotonated C. aspartate is deprotonated; lysine is protonated D. both residues are protonatedarrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes this reaction ? Choose one: O A. redox O B. condensation C. hydrolysisarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. velocity b. kinetics c. half-life d. first-order reactions e. pseudo-first-order reactionarrow_forward
- Would you expect the products of an endergonic reaction to be more stable than the reactants? a. yes because the energy of activation is negative in these cases. b. no because the products have higher potential energy which result in less stable molecules. c. no because the energy of activation is always lower in an endergonic reaction, which results in a less stable product. d. yes because the products have higher free energy and therefore require more energy to break bonds.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a. A reaction may not occur at a detectable rate even though it has a favorable equilibrium. b. After a reaction, the enzyme involved becomes available to catalyze the reaction again. c. For S → P, a catalyst shifts the reaction equilibrium to the right. d. Lowering the temperature of a reaction will lower the reaction rate. e. Substrate binds to an enzyme's active site.arrow_forwardwhich of the following are true regarding chemical equilibrium (choose all that are true) a. chemical equilibrium only occurs if the ΔH is very large and negative b. the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the back reaction c. there is an equal amount of products and reactants d. the ΔH and Ea are relatively smallarrow_forward
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