Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: In a molecule of taurocholic acid, the number of attachments to the steroid nucleus has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: There are two types of bile acids: simple and complexed. When a small amino group is attached to the carboxyl group of side chain present at carbon 17 through an amide linkage, then the free bile acids get converted into more complex bile acid.
(b)
Interpretation: In a molecule of taurocholic acid, the number of different
Concept introduction: There are two types of bile acids: simple and complexed. When a small amino group is attached to the carboxyl group of side chain present at carbon 17 through an amide linkage, then the free bile acids get converted into more complex bile acid.
(c)
Interpretation: In a molecule of taurocholic acid, the number of different functional groups has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: There are two types of bile acids: simple and complexed. When a small amino group is attached to the carboxyl group of side chain present at carbon 17 through an amide linkage, then the free bile acids get converted into more complex bile acid.
(d)
Interpretation: In a molecule of taurocholic acid, the number of different elements has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: There are two types of bile acids: simple and complexed. When a small amino group is attached to the carboxyl group of side chain present at carbon 17 through an amide linkage, then the free bile acids get converted into more complex bile acid.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Describe the structure of glutathione by identifying the components of this compound. What is the function of glutathione in the human body?arrow_forwardClassify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated. COOH a. What is the type designation (SFA, MUFA, or PUFA) for this fatty acid? b. On the basis of carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, what is the numerical shorthand designation for this fatty acid? c. To which "omega" family of fatty acids does this fatty acid belong? d. What is the “delta" designation for the carbon chain double-bond location for this fatty acid?arrow_forwardthe membrane solubility of a steroid is higher than the membrane solubility of a carbohydrate true or false?arrow_forward
- Write the structural formula of a triacylglycerol that contains one unit each of lauric acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. How many other triacylglycerols, each containing all three of these acids, are possible?arrow_forwardEach ionizable group of an amino acid can exist in one of two states, charged or neutral. The electric charge on the functional group is determined by the relationship between its pKa and the pH of the solution. This relationship is described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.(a) Histidine has three ionizable functional groups. Write the equilibrium equations for its three ionizations and assign the proper pKafor each ionization. Draw the structure of histidine in each ionization state. What is the net charge on the histidine molecule in each ionization state?(b) Draw the structures of the predominant ionization state of histidine at pH 1, 4, 8, and 12. Note that the ionization state can be approximated by treating each ionizable group independently.(c) What is the net charge of histidine at pH 1, 4, 8, and 12? For each pH, will histidine migrate toward the anode (+) or cathode (−) when placed in an electric field?arrow_forwardDraw the structures of the products formed by hydrolysis of the following tripeptide at physiological pH. Val-Gly-Ile Note: Reference the Naturally occurring amino acids data table for additional information.arrow_forward
- Define the following terms: a. lactone b. aldaric acid c. aldonic acid d. uronic acid e. epimerizationarrow_forwardDesferal (Desferrioxamine B) is a drug given to thalassaemic patients who are being treated by blood transfusion and who suffer from iron overload. Desferal contains which of the following iron binding groups: Select one: a. Carboxylic acids. b. Hydroxamates. c. Carboxylates. d. Hydroxamic acids. e. A mixture of carboxylates and hydroxamates. ----- is it hydroxamates or hydroxamic acids?? and what is the difference between them?arrow_forwardDraw the structure of a triacylglycerol containing stearic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid.arrow_forward
- For the following amino acids: Isoleucine and Tyrosinea. Draw its complete protonic equilibria. Indicate the net charge of each form and encircle the zwitterionic form. Provide labels (A, B, C, etc.) for each form. b. Calculate the IpH of the amino acid. c. At what pH range(s) it can act as a buffer? d. What will be the predominant form(s) of the amino acid at pH (i) 1.5; (ii) 3.0; (iii) 4.5; (iv) 6.0; (v) 7.5 and (vi) 9.0?arrow_forwardOne or more of the compounds shown below will satisfy each of the following statements. Not all compounds may be used; some may be used twice. Put the number(s) in the blank. (1) Found in chitin. (2) An L-saccharide. (3) The first residue attached to asparagine in N-linked glycans. (4) A uronic acid. (5) A ketose. CH,OH CoO COO OH H H H H ОН Н но OH OH H OH H HO OH H NHC- CH, Oso, OH (a) (b) (c) CH,OH CH,OH CH,OH C=0 CHOH C=0 H-C- OH CH,OH но -с-н ČH,OH CH,OH (d) (e)arrow_forwardName and draw the structures of the amino acids that fit the following descriptions:(a) Contains an isopropyl group(b) Contains a secondary alcohol grouparrow_forward
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