Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The building blocks which represents the sphingosine residues in the given block diagram of sphingoglycolipid have to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which is joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.
(b)
Interpretation: The building blocks which represents the mono- or oligosaccharide residues in the given block diagram of sphingoglycolipid have to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which is joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.
(c)
Interpretation: The linkage which represents the glycosidic linkage in the given block diagram of sphingoglycolipid has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which is joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.
(d)
Interpretation: The linkages which involve both sphingosine and fatty acid residues in the given block diagram of sphingoglycolipid have to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The lipid that is composed of one fatty acid and one carbohydrate unit which is joined to a sphingosine molecule is known as sphingoglycolipid. The fatty acid of sphingoglycolipid is also joined to the sphingosine molecule with the help of amide linkage. The carbohydrate unit joined to a sphingosine molecule with the help of glycosidic linkage.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
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- Propose a plausible enzyme mechanism for triose kinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. You may use "B:" for a general base amino and "H-A" for a general acid amino acid if needed.arrow_forward2. 3 With the help of the internet and your textbook, A. hand-draw the chemical structures of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, DPPC (also known as lecithin, although lecithin is a more general name and can refer to other chemical structures). B. Where is DPPC found in a cell? 4 C. Is this a lipid, carbohydrate, protein or nucleic acid? Do not leave any "R" groups in the structure that you draw. With the help of the internet and your textbook, hand-draw the chemical structures of the following: A. ibuprofen (What trademarked product is this used in?) B. amoxicillin (What type of agent is this?) C. diltiazem (What condition is this used to treat?) D. L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (What is this chemical's trade name?) E. atorvastatin (What trademarked product is this used in?) Draw each of these structures by hand. Do not leave any "R" groups in the structure that you draw. Using the structures you drew in questions 2 & 3, for each of the organic functional groups listed below,…arrow_forwardPhospholipases show an enhanced activity for a substrateabove the critical micelle concentration. (The critical micelleconcentration, or cmc, is that concentration of a lipid abovewhich micelles begin to form.)a. What type of noncovalent interactions are possiblebetween the lipid and the enzyme at this stage?b. What do these interactions suggest about the structure ofphospholipases?arrow_forward
- Asp residue (both of which are essential for catalysis) with pK, values of 5.9 and 4.5, respectively. If the enzyme is found in the lysosome (pH = 5.2), which residue will act as the general acid and which will act as the general base during the initial steps of the reaction? Explain your reasoning. (arrow_forwardYou have an unknown heptapeptide that gives the following amino acids after acid hydrolysis (2M.2K,R, A,P) treatment with CNBr gives hormoserine lactone (M*), a tetrapeptide (2K,M*,A) and (P,R). Treatment with trypsin gives free P, free K, (A,K,M) and (R,M). what is the sequence of amino acids for the heptapeptide? show work.arrow_forwardConsider olive oil, an oil with a high percentage of fat derived from oleic acid (otherwise known as cis[18:1] fatty acid). a, Explain why such a structure may allow olive oil to be one of the "healthier" oils? b, why such a structure may allow olive oil to be a liquid at room temperature, while butter and lard are solid at room temperature? c, why such a structure may cause olive oil to be prone to oxidative damage upon exposure to air and heat?arrow_forward
- Give the general Adiar equation for the binding of a ligand to a dimeric protein. Explain further what your understanding is of the terms "no-, positive-, and negative cooperativity” and graphically present the relationship between Ȳ and [S] for each of these cases. Also, give the relationship between the constants Kb1 and Kb2 in each case.arrow_forwardCalculate the standard free energy for creatine-phosphate hydrolysis in a cell where [creatine-P]=3 mM, [creatine]=2 mM, and [Pi]= 12.1 mM. Is the reaction exergonic or endogonic?arrow_forwardVitamin D3, the most abundant of the D vitamins, is synthesized from 7- dehydrocholesterol, a compound found in milk and fatty fish such as salmon and mackerel. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, a photochemical electrocyclic ring opening forms provitamin D3, which is then converted to vitamin D3 by a sigmatropic rearrangement. Draw the structure of provitamin D3.arrow_forward
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