PRESCOTT'S MICROBIO W/PROCTORIO
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781264731060
Author: WILLEY
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19.4, Problem 4CC
You are building a tree based on 16S rRNA sequence alignments of a group of spirochetes. Suggest a possible outgroup so that you can build a rooted tree. Refer to chapter 21 if you need more information about these bacteria.
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In studying Lokiarchaeota, researchers identified eukaryotic signature genes and used this information to better understand the relationship between archaeans and eukaryotes. Many other types of genetic analysis can be used that focus on certain types of
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Place the phrase describing a gene product in the correct bin.
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peptidoglycan synthesis genes
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membrane remodeling
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cytoskeletal
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endotoxin genes
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ribosomal genes exotoxin genes
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Consider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA sequencing as a taxonomic and phylogenetic tool has resulted in tripling the number of bacterial phyla. Why has the advent of this genetic technique expanded the currently accepted number of microbial phyla?
Bergey’s Manual of Systems Bacteriology provides information on classifying bacteria according to rRNA.
Bergey’s Manual of Systems Bacteriology provides information on classifying bacteria according to rRNA.
True
False
Chapter 19 Solutions
PRESCOTT'S MICROBIO W/PROCTORIO
Ch. 19.1 - What is a natural classification? What microbial...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.1 - Consider the finding that bacteria capable of...Ch. 19.2 - What is the difference between a microbial species...Ch. 19.2 - Why is it important to have a type strain for each...Ch. 19.2 - The genus Salmonella was once thought to contain...Ch. 19.3 - What are the advantages of using each major group...Ch. 19.3 - Why is rRNA so suitable for determining...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Could a phylotype be considered an OTU? What about...
Ch. 19.4 - List the differences between distance-based and...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - You are building a tree based on 16S rRNA sequence...Ch. 19.4 - Is HGT involved in movement of genes in the core...Ch. 19.5 - On what evidence is this hypothesis based?Ch. 19.5 - Construct a scenario in which each of the...Ch. 19.5 - Define ecotype. Do you think it is necessary to...Ch. 19.5 - What is the difference between the core genome and...Ch. 19.5 - Of the following genes, which do you think are...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19.6 - Describe two different situations in which it...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19 - Prob. 2RCCh. 19 - Prob. 3RCCh. 19 - Prob. 4RCCh. 19 - Prob. 5RCCh. 19 - Prob. 6RCCh. 19 - Consider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA...Ch. 19 - You have recently established a pure culture of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3ALCh. 19 - Prob. 4ALCh. 19 - Prob. 5ALCh. 19 - Prob. 6ALCh. 19 - Prob. 7AL
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- Why did Carl Woese propose the domain Archaea? The domain Bacteria already had too many organisms in its classification. The methanogens were discovered to be a complex organism, between prokaryotic bacteria and eukaryotes, thus it needed its own domain. He discovered that methanogens were too large to be classified as bacteria, but too small to be classified as Eukarya. In analyzing the rRNA of methanogens, he discovered that it was completely distinct from any other bacterial RRNA that had been studied. The DNA of methanogens was discovered to use different nucleotides than those of organisms in Eukarya or Bacteria.arrow_forwardFor this assignment you will create a dichotomous key to help you Identify Bacteria (which are a pain in the bum to identify on the species level.) We will be focused on the general terms of bacteria and the only Phylum that will be addressed is the Cyanobacteria. Use the following to create a dichotomous key to begin to identify Bacteria: BACTERIA Bacillus Coccus Spirillium Phylum Cyanobacteria Gram (+) (-) Root nodules To Begin use the following question: Does the organism exhibit a membrane bound nucleus?arrow_forwardThere are three main ways that bacteria and archaea are essential to eukaryotic life. Explain the three different ways and give at least one example of each.arrow_forward
- Is it proper to list genus in this way in the example sentence below?The potential identity of the unknown bacteria could belong to genus Proteus, genus Providencia, or genus Serratia.Does the word genus need to be capatilzed? Do you need to say the word genus before it?.arrow_forwardImagine that you discover a new type of bacteria in an environment that is exposed to oxygen. A. What type of bacteria might you have discovered? B. Propose a mechanism by which they can produce the energy neededarrow_forwardBriefly discuss the Runyon classification of nontuberculous mycobacteria.arrow_forward
- Describe the relationship between the original bacteria kingdom called monera and the domain called bacteria.arrow_forwardRickettsia bacteria always lives as parasites inside eukaryotic cells, ad their genomes are much smaller then those of free living bacteria. Organisms that live only as parasites often have reduced genomes compared to the free living relatives. How could a parasitic lyfestyle contribute to a reduction in genome size?arrow_forwardWhat problem with the six-kingdom classification system was addressed by the three-domain classification system? How did it address the problem?arrow_forward
- Name a substance in the envelope structure of some bacteria that can cause severe symptoms in humans.arrow_forwardfind an example of a set of genes that have been horizontally gene transferred between bacteria or archaea. Which organisms are the genes transferred between? Explain the set of genes that were transferred. Include what they are for and what the advantage to sharing those genes are.What do the organisms use the genes for?Which organisms the transfer happened between?What might be the advantage be to share the genes with other organisms?arrow_forwardconsider the following terms: Envelope Fusion Gene therapy Pathogen Vaccine Capsule Decomposer Epidemic Mold Spore Yeast Choose 2 terms from the list and answer the following questions for each term: What familiarity and prior knowledge do you have about the term? What does the term mean in everyday language to everyday people? Use examples to help describe your thoughts. How do people use the word? What does the term mean in technical language to biologists? How is the term related to the course student learning outcome: Describe classifications of biological diversity? What are the similarities and differences between the everyday and technical meanings and uses of the term? What impact might the similarities and differences have on your learning of biology concepts in this course?arrow_forward
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