PRESCOTT'S MICROBIO W/PROCTORIO
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781264731060
Author: WILLEY
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19.2, Problem 2CC
Why is it important to have a type strain for each species?
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What is the principle of Sanger sequencing?
What is the principle behind to Sanger sequencing?
You have four sequences from A-D representing four species:
A: AAATTGATTAC
B: TAATTGGTTAC
C: AAATTGGTTGA
D: AAATTGATTGA
A is your outgroup. Take a piece of paper and illustrate the three possible trees that are different from each other.
1) Answer the question of why there are only three trees. Aren't there more trees possible?
2) Mark the changes in nucleotides that happen among the four species on the trees or write them down separately. Then calculate the shortest possible tree. This is the most parsimonious option. Which one is it?
3) Why does this tree not necessarily depict the true relationship among the four species?
Illustrate and answer all questions on paper. Then take a picture of the paper with your cell phone. Make sure everything is in focus, i.e., go over the picture and take it again, if necessary. All your answers and the trees need to be clearly visible.
Chapter 19 Solutions
PRESCOTT'S MICROBIO W/PROCTORIO
Ch. 19.1 - What is a natural classification? What microbial...Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.1 - Consider the finding that bacteria capable of...Ch. 19.2 - What is the difference between a microbial species...Ch. 19.2 - Why is it important to have a type strain for each...Ch. 19.2 - The genus Salmonella was once thought to contain...Ch. 19.3 - What are the advantages of using each major group...Ch. 19.3 - Why is rRNA so suitable for determining...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Could a phylotype be considered an OTU? What about...
Ch. 19.4 - List the differences between distance-based and...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - You are building a tree based on 16S rRNA sequence...Ch. 19.4 - Is HGT involved in movement of genes in the core...Ch. 19.5 - On what evidence is this hypothesis based?Ch. 19.5 - Construct a scenario in which each of the...Ch. 19.5 - Define ecotype. Do you think it is necessary to...Ch. 19.5 - What is the difference between the core genome and...Ch. 19.5 - Of the following genes, which do you think are...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 19.6 - Describe two different situations in which it...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1RCCh. 19 - Prob. 2RCCh. 19 - Prob. 3RCCh. 19 - Prob. 4RCCh. 19 - Prob. 5RCCh. 19 - Prob. 6RCCh. 19 - Consider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA...Ch. 19 - You have recently established a pure culture of a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3ALCh. 19 - Prob. 4ALCh. 19 - Prob. 5ALCh. 19 - Prob. 6ALCh. 19 - Prob. 7AL
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- What are the benefits of using a mixture classification scheme as outlined in DNA Box 14.1? What would be the advantages of using software for deciphering mixture components?arrow_forwardIs it possible to obtain DNA in cloverleaf configuration? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat does massively parallel sequencing mean?arrow_forward
- In addition to the standard base-paired helical structures, DNA can form X-shaped hairpin structures called cruciforms in which most bases are involved in Watson–Crick pairs. Such structures tend to occur at sequences with inverted repeats. Draw the cruciform structure formed by the DNA sequence TCAAGTCCACGGTGGACTTGC.arrow_forwardWhat are the two advantages of using sequence analysis of ribosomal components in determining the relatedness of organisms? please explain why each is an advantage.arrow_forwardWhy is it important that the correct reading frame is used?arrow_forward
- What is the function of the homogenizing solution in DNA isolation? What are its components?arrow_forwardThe following two sequences represent the same gene from two different species: Assume that all changes in the third position are synonymous and all in the first and second positions are nonsynonymous. a) How many synonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene? b) How many nonsynonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene? c) How many synonymous substitutions are there between species? d) How many nonsynonymous substitutions are there between species? e) What is the dN/dS ratio? f) What does the dN/dS ratio tell you about the evolution of this sequence? Finally, It has been hypothesized that population size affects genome size. What is the proposed relationship? How can it be explained?arrow_forwardIn a transformation experiment, donor DNA was obtained from a prototroph bacterial strain (x* y z'), and the recipient was a triple auxotroph (x y z ). The following transformant classes were obtained: x* y z xy'z 160 130 190 170 x'y 3 xy x'y 5 What general conclusions can you draw about the linkage relationships among the three genes?arrow_forward
- You would like to amplify the gene shown here using PCR. Assume the primer to the 5' end of the gene sequence shown has already been designed. You need to design a primer to hybridize with the sequence on the right side of the diagram. What will be the sequence of the primer? 5’ —GENE——AATTGGCG 3’ a) 3’ CGCCAATT 5’ b) 5’ GCGGTTAA 3’ c) 5’ CGCCAATT 3’ d) 5’ TTAACCGC 3’ e) 5’ AATTGGCG 3’arrow_forwardWhy are the recombinants produced from an Hfr * F- cross rarely, if ever, F+?arrow_forwardWhat is the couplet in the taxonomic key?arrow_forward
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