Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme becomes overactive during a disease has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Enzyme:
- It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
- Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
- Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
- Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.
Enzyme inhibitors: The substance which slows or stops the action of an enzyme is called enzyme inhibitors.
It can be used as drugs and an example is AZT which is used to treat HIV.
The competition of an enzyme can be reversible or irreversible and in reversible inhibition, the inhibitor can leave and in irreversible inhibition, the inhibitor remains permanently bound.
(b)
Interpretation:
The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only when there is low blood glucose has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Enzyme:
- It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
- Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
- Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
- Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.
Feedback control: The pathways which are dependent on a series of consecutive reactions in which the product of one reaction is the reactant for the next and these pathways are subjected to feedback control, which occurs when the result of a process feeds information back to affect the beginning process.
(c)
Interpretation:
The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme that springs into action when a traumatic injury occurs has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Enzyme:
- It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
- Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
- Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
- Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.
Enzyme regulation:
Some enzymes can destroy the organ in which they are produced and they are often synthesized as proenzymes or zymogens.
Enzyme regulation by covalent modification can be done by two methods and one is through removal of a covalently bonded portion of an enzyme or addition of a group.
(d)
Interpretation:
The type of enzyme regulation in which an enzyme is needed only during adolescence has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Enzyme:
- It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
- Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
- Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
- Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.
Enzyme regulation by genetic control:
It is a type of control by which regulation of enzyme activity is done by the control of the synthesis of enzymes.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 19 Solutions
Fundamentals Of General, Organic And Biological Chemistry In Si Units
- What are the key features of enzyme regulation?arrow_forwardList the mechanism that regulates the rate of an enzyme-mediated reaction?arrow_forwardWhat general effects would you expect the following changes to have on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction for an enzyme that has its maximum activity at body temperature (about 37 °C/310.15 K)?(a) Raising the temperature from 310 K (37 °C) to 343 K (70 °C)(b) Lowering the pH from 7 to 3(c) Adding an organic solvent, such as methanolarrow_forward
- In addition to having 6 major classes that display different reactions, enzymes are specific and diverse, and are highly sensitive to ______________ and ______________arrow_forwardIs it good (or bad) that enzymes can be reversibly inhibited? Why?arrow_forwardStudents conducting research observe the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction under various conditions with a fixed amount of enzyme in each sample. When will increasing the substrate concentration likely result in the greatest increase in the reaction rate?arrow_forward
- What are the three kinds of enzyme-controlled reactions so that the chemical-bond energy from a certain nutrient is released to the cell in the form of ATP?arrow_forwardHow Enzyme Action is regulated?arrow_forwardWhy is the regulation of metabolism through the control of enzymeactivity an extremely complex process?arrow_forward
- A group of young researchers was working on a biochemical pathway. At that time, they produced an enzyme having altered active site. Do you think, the activity of the new enzyme would differ from the original one? Why? On a different reaction they found, an enzyme works best at a temperature near about 30 degree Celsius. At 60 degree Celsius, the enzyme becomes inactivated. Briefly explain, why that enzyme is not working at elevated temperature?arrow_forwardDefine the term up-regulation?arrow_forwardThe name of the molecule that is the substrate for PLC isarrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON