Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Chemical formulas of two compounds formed between Thallium and oxygen has to be
determined.
Concept Introduction:
The formula to determine moles from mass percentages is as follows:
(a)
Explanation of Solution
The formula to determine amount of
Substitute
Substitute
The formula to determine amount of
Substitute
Substitute
Thus the amount can be represented as;
Hence the chemical formula for compound I is
Similarly, for compound II the amount can be represented as;
Hence the chemical formula for compound II is
(b)
Interpretation:
Oxidation number of thallium in each compound has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The sum of the individual oxidation states of various species present in compound is equal to the charge possessed by overall compound. If the molecule is neutral than the charge is sum is equated to zero.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
The formula to determine oxidation number for
Substitute
The formula to determine oxidation number for
Substitute
Therefore
(c)
Interpretation:
Electron configuration for each thallium ion has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
In
The convention followed to remove or add electrons is electrons of largest principal quantum number are lost first. In case of subshells of the same
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Similarly in case of
(d)
Interpretation:
The melting point data has to be used to determine the more covalent compound.
Concept Introduction:
In any polar covalent bond, the difference in electronegativities gives rise to partial positive and negative charges respectively on the cation and anions.
The covalent character is determined with respect to the relative extent of distortion of anionic cloud of anion. For instance, highly charged small alkali metal cation such as
In general, greater is the charge on the metal cation or smaller is the size of cation more is its polarizing power to distort the electron cloud of anion and thus more is the covalent character.
(d)
Explanation of Solution
This answer is not consistent with prediction based on polarizing abilities of the two cations. Since
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Chapter 2 Solutions
CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES W/SAPLING
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