Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The electronic arrangement of
Concept Introduction:
Hybridization is the hypothetical concept of mixing of atomic orbital into hybrid orbitals that are of dissimilar shapes, energies and are appropriate for combination of electrons to form bonds in
Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by,
The relation of steric number with geometry or shape is depicted in the table below as,
(b)
Interpretation:
Molecular shape of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
Hybridization of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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CHEM PRINCIPLES LL W/ACHIEVE ONE-SEM
- The sulfate ion can be represented with four S-O bonds or with two S-O and two So=O bonds.(a) Which representation is better from the standpoint of formal charges?(b) What is the shape of the sulfate ion, and what hybrid orbitals of S are postulated for the σ bonding?(c) In view of the answer to part (b), what orbitals of S must be used for the π bonds? What orbitals of O?(d) Draw a diagram to show how one atomic orbital from S and one from O overlap to form a π bond.arrow_forward(a) Why do stable xenon fluorides have an even number of F atoms? (b) Why do the ionic species XeF₃⁺ and XeF₇⁻ have odd numbers of F atoms? (c) Predict the shape of XeF₃⁺ .arrow_forwardCompounds such as NaBH4, Al(BH4)3, and LiAlH4 are complex hydrides used as reducing agents in many syntheses. (a) Give the oxidation state of each element in these compounds. (b) Write a Lewis structure for the polyatomic anion in NaBH4, and predict its shape.arrow_forward
- (a) Draw the shape of the atomic valence orbitals formed by the overlaping of two fluoride 2p atomic orbitals. (b) Draw the molecular orbital diagrams for F2 and F2+. Identify their bond order and magnetic properties.arrow_forwardThe Lewis structure of BH2Cl (a) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (b) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom? (c) What is the geometric shape of the molecule?arrow_forward. Assume that the third-period element phosphorus forms a diatomic molecule, P2, in an analogous way as nitrogen does to form N2. (a) Write the electronic configuration for P2. Use [Ne2] to represent the electron configuration for the first two periods. (b) Calculate its bond order. (c) What are its magnetic properties (diamagnetic or paramagnetic)?arrow_forward
- From their Lewis structures, determine the number of sand p bonds in each of the following molecules or ions:(a) CO2; (b) cyanogen, 1CN22; (c) formaldehyde, H2CO;(d) formic acid, HCOOH, which has one H and two O atomsattached to C.arrow_forwardFor each of the following molecule: (i) draw the correct Lewis structure; (ii) determine the molecular geometry and the type of hybridization on the central atom, and (iii) predict whether the molecule is polar or nonpolar. (a) BrCl5arrow_forwardChemical species are said to be isoelectronic if they have the same Lewis structure (regardless of charge). Consider these ions and write a Lewis structure for a neutral molecule that is isoelectronic with them. (a) CN–, (b) NH4+ (c) CO3 2–arrow_forward
- Determine the electron-group arrangement, molecular shape, and ideal bond angle(s) for each of the following:(a) SO₄²⁻(b) NO₂⁻(c) PHarrow_forwardFrom their Lewis structures, determine the number of sand π bonds in each of the following molecules or ions:(a) CO2; (b) cyanogen,(CN2); (c) formaldehyde, H2CO;(d) formic acid, HCOOH, which has one H and two O atomsattached to C.arrow_forwardThe Electron pair geometry, molecular geometry and Hybridization for NCl3 is (a) Tetrahedral, Trigonal pyramidal, sp^3 (b) Trigonal planar, Bent, sp^2 (c) Bent, Trigonal planar, sp^2 (d) Nonearrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning