Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073525310
Author: Leland H. Hartwell, Michael L. Goldberg, Janice A. Fischer, Leroy Hood, Charles F. Aquadro
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 38P
Figure 2.22 shows the inheritance of Huntington disease in a family from a small village near Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. The village was founded by a small number of immigrants, and generations of their descendants have remained concentrated in this isolated location. The allele for Huntington disease has remained unusually prevalent there.
| a. | Why could you not conclude definitively that the disease is the result of a dominant or a recessive allele solely by looking at this pedigree? |
| b. | Is there any information you could glean from the family’s history that might imply the disease is due to a dominant rather than a recessive allele? |
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Tay-Sachs disease is a rare human disease in which toxic substances accumulate in nerve cells. The recessive allele responsible for the disease is inherited in a simple Mendelian manner. For unknown reasons, the allele is more common in populations of Ashkenazi Jews of eastern Europe. A woman is planning to marry her first cousin, but the couple discovers that their shared grandfather’s sister died in infancy of Tay-Sachs disease.a. Draw the relevant parts of the pedigree, and show all the genotypes as completely as possible. b. What is the probability that the cousins’ first child will have Tay-Sachs disease, assuming that all people who marry into the family are homozygous normal?
Several members of the family in the pedigree who suffered from a disease are colored in black.
Currently deceased members of the family are struck out with a line.
a. Based on the data in the pedigree, propose a Mendelian model that would explain the inheritance of
this disease. Explain how the data is consistent with your model.
b. A scientist hypothesizes that a mutation at a single locus is responsible for the pattern of inheritance
seen in this pedigree. Explain how a mutation in a gene can arise during meiosis. Describe one
strategy organisms use to prevent such mutations from arising.
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In humans, having extra fingers or toes is caused by a dominant allele (E). People with two recessive alleles have 5 fingers and toes on each hand or foot.
a. What is the genotype of someone who has 5 fingers and toes on each hand or foot?b. What are the two different genotypes that someone with extra fingers or toes could have?c. If two people both had the normal number of fingers and toes, is there any chance that their children could inherit the allele for extra fingers and toes? Do a Punnett square and show your work.d. If a man who was heterozygous for this gene married someone who was homozygous for the recessive allele, what fraction of their children would you expect to have extra fingers or toes? Do a Punnett square and show your work.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes, 5th edition
Ch. 2 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 2 - During the millennia in which selective breeding...Ch. 2 - Describe the characteristics of the garden pea...Ch. 2 - An albino corn snake is crossed with a...Ch. 2 - Two short-haired cats mate and produce six...Ch. 2 - Piebald spotting is a condition found in humans in...Ch. 2 - As a Drosophila research geneticist, you keep...Ch. 2 - A mutant cucumber plant has flowers that fail to...Ch. 2 - In a particular population of mice, certain...Ch. 2 - In humans, a dimple in the chin is a dominant...
Ch. 2 - Among Native Americans, two types of earwax...Ch. 2 - Imagine you have just purchased a black stallion...Ch. 2 - If you roll a die singular of dice, what is the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 14PCh. 2 - How many genetically different eggs could be...Ch. 2 - What is the probability of producing a child that...Ch. 2 - Prob. 17PCh. 2 - Galactosemia is a recessive human disease that is...Ch. 2 - Albinism is a condition in which pigmentation is...Ch. 2 - A cross between two pea plants, both of which grew...Ch. 2 - A third-grader decided to breed guinea pigs for...Ch. 2 - The self-fertilization of an pea plant produced...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23PCh. 2 - A pea plant from a pure-breeding strain that is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 25PCh. 2 - A pea plant heterozygous for plant height, pod...Ch. 2 - In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28PCh. 2 - Considering the yellow and green pea color...Ch. 2 - Prob. 30PCh. 2 - Prob. 31PCh. 2 - Prob. 32PCh. 2 - For each of the following human pedigrees,...Ch. 2 - Consider the pedigree that follows for cutis laxa,...Ch. 2 - A young couple went to see a genetic counselor...Ch. 2 - Huntington disease is a rare fatal, degenerative...Ch. 2 - Is the disease shown in the following pedigree...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.22 shows the inheritance of Huntington...Ch. 2 - Prob. 39PCh. 2 - People with nail-patella syndrome have poorly...Ch. 2 - Midphalangeal hair hair on top of the middle...Ch. 2 - A man with Huntington disease he is heterozygous...Ch. 2 - Explain why disease alleles for cystic fibrosis CF...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
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- In the pedigree shown in Figure Q19–14, the first born in each of three generations is the only person affected by a dominant genetically inherited disease, D. your friend concludes that the first child born has a greater chance of inheriting the mutant D allele than do later children.A. According to Mendel’s laws, is this conclusion plausible?B. What is the probability of obtaining this result by chance?arrow_forwardThis pedigree (below) shows inheritance of a genetic disorder in a family. Assume the trait is rare. What is the mode of inheritance for this trait? [Select] You know this because that mode of inheritance is characterized by: [ Select] • An affected male parent passes the allele to [Select] and [Select] individuals who have the allele express it and and [Select] of his daughters. • An affected female parent passes the allele to [Select] of her daughters. ㅇㅁㅇㅁ î то ◆ of his sons of her so ?arrow_forwardTake the example of B-thalassemia, an autosomal recessive genetic disease that particularly affects people from around the Mediterranean. This disease is associated with an anomaly of hemoglobin, a protein essential for the transport of oxygen, which is composed of four chains: two alpha (a) and two beta (B). In case of B-thalassemia, the ẞ chains are produced in insufficient or no quantity in an individual homozygous recessive resulting in insufficient production of overall hemoglobin leading to anemia and other physiological challenges. The gene that controls the synthesis of the ẞ chains is located on chromosome 11. Here is part of the coding portion of this gene (which controls a total of 146 amino acids and of which you only see the portion 36 to 41) and one of the targeted mutations: 1. Give the sequence of amino acids from the template and mutated strands. 2. What type of point mutation is it? 3. Using the principles of the theory of evolution, explain briefly and generally why…arrow_forward
- Without referring to the notation used to write the genotypes, how are you able to tell that a gene is inherited by: a. complete dominance (as described by Mendel)? b. incomplete dominance? c. codominance?arrow_forwardIn humans, the genetic disease cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele (a). The normal (healthy) allele is dominant (A). What is the genotype of someone who has cystic fibrosis? What are the two different genotypes that a healthy person could have? If two people were both heterozygous for the cystic fibrosis gene, what fraction of their children would be likely to have this disease? Hint: Draw a Punnett square to figure it out.arrow_forwardThe pedigree below tracks the inheritance of a genetic disorder through a family's generation. Determine the probable inheritance mode for the trait shown in the affected individual (the shaded symbols) by answering the following questions. I II 2 3 4 5 7 III 2 3 6 7 8 5 (i) Based on the pedigree, Y-linked inheritance can be excluded at a glance. Give your reason. (ii) What TWO (2) other modes of inheritance can be definitely excluded? Explain your answer. Of the remaining modes of inheritance, which is the most likely? Which is less likely? Explain your answers. (ii)arrow_forward
- a) Which of the four modes of inheritance are consistent with the disease shown in this human pedigrees below? (List the compatible mode or modes) Give an answer for a, b and c b) If the parents in pedigree c have 2 other children, what is the probability that they will carry the disease?arrow_forwardThis pedigree (below) shows inheritance of a genetic disorder in a family. Assume the trait is rare. What is the mode of inheritance for this trait? [Select] You know this because that mode of inheritance is characterized by: [Select] individuals who have the allele express it and • An affected male parent passes the allele to [Select] and [Select] of his daughters. • An affected female parent passes the allele to sons and [Select] [Select] of her daughters. 1008 ㅇㅁㅇㄹ O ✓ of his sons of herarrow_forwardA heterozygous individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual. a. Draw a Punnett square to represent this cross. b. What is the probability that an offspring will have a homozygous genotype? c. What is the probability that an offspring will have a dominant phenotype? d. What is the probability that three offspring will be produced that all carry the recessive allele but do not express the recessive phenotype?arrow_forward
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