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a)
Given Data:
In an institutionalized network connected to internet, the average object size (L) is 850,000 bits and that the average request rate from the institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 16 requests per second.
The time to transmit an object of size “L” over a link or rate “R” is “L/R”. (1)
To Find:
Total average response time:
b)
Given Data:
In an institutionalized network connected to internet, the average object size (L) is 850,000 bits and that the average request rate from the institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 16 requests per second.
The time to transmit an object of size “L” over a link or rate “R” is “L/R”. (1)
A cache is installed in the institutional LAN.
Miss rate=0.4
Traffic intensity of the link = (average request rate / average time) (2)
To Find:
Total average response time:
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Chapter 2 Solutions
EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
- Consider a short, 10-meter link, over which a sender can transmit at a rate of 150 bits/sec in both directions. Suppose that packets containing data are 100,000 bits long, and packets containing only control (e.g., ACK or handshaking) are 200 bits long. Assume that N parallel connections each get 1/N of the link bandwidth. Now consider the HTTP protocol, and suppose that each downloaded object is 100 Kbits long, and that the initial downloaded object contains 10 referenced objects from the same sender. Would parallel downloads via parallel instances of non-persistent HTTP make sense in this case? Now consider persistent HTTP. Do you expect significant gains over the non-persistent case? Justify and explain your answerarrow_forwardConsider an Information system, of a frame size of (5 million) bits are being sent on a path with (10 routers) each having a queuing time of (2 µs) and a processing time of (1 µs). The length of the path is (2000 Km). Acknowledgement frame size is (10 bytes) and the speed of light inside the link is (2 *10^8 m/s). Every link on the path has a bandwidth of (5 Mbps), then the total delay (latency) for this frame is........... O 0.000016 sec. O 0.000020 sec. O 0.000010 sec. O 1.020046 sec. O 0.01 sec.arrow_forwardIn modern packet-switched networks, including the Internet, the source host segments long, application-layer messages (for example, an image or a music file) into smaller packets and sends the packets into the network. The receiver then reassembles the packets back into the original message. We refer to this process as message segmentation. Figure 1.27 illustrates the end-to-end transport of a message with and without message segmentation. Consider a message that is 8. 106 bits long that is to be sent from source to destination in Figure 1.27. Suppose each link in the figure is 2 Mbps. Ignore propagation, queuing, and processing delays. a. Consider sending the message from source to destination without message segmentation. How long does it take to move the message from the source host to the first packet switch? Keeping in mind that each switch uses store-and-forward packet switching, what is the total time to move the message from source host to destination host? b. Now suppose that…arrow_forward
- Download delays for 100 objects (HTTP 1.1 with local web caching). Consider an HTTP 1.1 client and server. The RTT delay between the client and server is 2 seconds. Suppose the time a server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 3 seconds. There is also a local web cache, as shown in the figure below, with negligible (zero) propagation delay and object transmission time. The client makes 100 requests one after the other, waiting for a reply before sending the next request. All requests first go to the cache (which also has a 2.0 sec. RTT delay to the server but zero RTT to the client). How much time elapses between the client transmitting the first request, and the receipt of the last requested object, assuming no use of the IF-MODIFIED-SINCE header line anywhere, and assuming that 50% of the objects requested are "hits" (found) in the local cache? Your answer should be among the following list( 702 secs, 552 secs, 352 secs, 350 secs, 150 secs) . Show your…arrow_forwardAssume that there is a shared connection (for example, an Ethernet bus) with a speed of 1 Mbps. How much time (in microseconds) is required to send a frame with a length of 1000 bits over this link?arrow_forwardTCP / IP uses the client-server communication model, in which a user or computer (a client) receives a service (such as sending a web page) from another computer (a server) on the network. In short, the TCP / IP protocol suite is classified as stateless, which means that each client request is considered new because it has nothing to do with previous requests. Being stateless, network routes are released so that they can be used continuously. Answer the following questions briefly. How does resource reservation work in the TCP / IP model? Which TCP / IP layer is responsible to reserve resources across a network using the TCP / IP model? What protocol assigns an IP address to the client connected to the Internet? Checksum is used by various protocols on the Internet, but not at the one of TCP / IP Explain.arrow_forward
- Consider an HTTP server and client as shown in the figure below. Suppose that the RTT delay between the client and server is 13 msecs; the time a server needs to transmit an object into its outgoing link is 1 msecs. Any other HTTP message not containing an object has a negligible (zero) transmission time. Suppose the client again makes 106 requests, one after the other, waiting for a reply to a request before sending the next request. Assume the client is using HTTP 1.1 and the IF-MODIFIED-SINCE header line. Assume 47% of the objects requested have NOT changed since the client downloaded them (before these 106 downloads are performed). Clients RTT delay: t Transmission delay: ta Intemet APACHE Server How much time elapses (in milliseconds) between the client transmitting the first request, and the completion of the last request?arrow_forwardAssume that Computer A, which is connected through an Ethernet cable to the Switch S1, is just powered on. The user opens a browser and then types a website address to receive the website from the Server (as shown in Figure 1). Write down all the important protocols that come into play by the time the first frame containing http request reaches R1. (Note: Before http frame, other frames have already been sent by other protocol(s).) Write down all the protocols with reference to the TCP Model as follows. Application Layer: Transport Layer: Internet Layer: Link Layer: [Physical Layer (if needed)]: After writing down the protocols that come into play, briefly write the procedure as to what happensarrow_forwardConsider a communication layer in which messages are delivered only in the order that they were sent. Give an example in which even this ordering is unnecessarily restrictive.arrow_forward
- Consider a node called A that sends packets to an adjacent node called B. To control the packet flow to node B, node A employs a credit manager scheme in which parameters C=3(credits), C_max=4(credits) and \tao=6(msec), respectively. node A has an infinite buffer to temporarily store packets. When a packet arrives at node A, node A stores the packet at the bottom of the buffer. Node A also has a single server (transmitter). As soon as the server becomes idle, the server picks up a packet at the head of the buffer, if any, and serves the packet for packet transmission time T_p as far as there remains a credit. (The packet transmission time T_p = 4 (msec).) We observed the arrival times of the first 12 packets, denoted by aA(1)⋯A(12), which were as follows: n A(n) 1 0.5 msec 2 1.0 3 1.5 4 2.0 5 4.5 6 5.5 7 6.5 8 12.5 9 13.0 10 13.5 11 14.0 12 14.6 1. Let R(n) denote the departure time of the n th packet from the buffer for n∈{1,2,...}. Find R(n) for…arrow_forward6. Consider sending over HTTP a Web page that consists of one video clip, and five images. Suppose that the video clip is transported as 25 frames, and each image has 4 frames. a. If all the video frames are sent first without interleaving, how many "frame times" are needed until all five images are sent? b. If frames are interleaved, how many frame times are needed until all five images are sent.arrow_forwardOver a network using WEP, we were able to capture two frames with the sameInitialization Vector (IV). The following are the encrypted messages:• First frame encrypted message:1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 11 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0• Second frame encrypted message:1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 11 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0We also know that one of the messages is a control message with the following plaintext content:0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 01 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 01. Find the plaintext of the other message.2. If the captured messages were from two different stations on a network that usesTKIP, is it possible to find the plaintext of the other message? Explain why orwhy not possible.arrow_forward
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