Detailed mechanism for a generic reaction that converts an acid derivative to a primary alcohol is to be proposed. Concept introduction: Hydride ions from sources such as NaBH 4 and LiAlH 4 are excellent nucleophiles but not practical leaving groups. These kinds of nucleophiles can still react with acid derivatives in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions and produce aldehyde intermediates. In the next step, the aldehyde reacts with another equivalent of hydride to produce an alkoxide anion. This alkoxide ion will be protonated by proton transfer from the ethanol. Primary alcohol will be formed.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism for a generic reaction that converts an acid derivative to a primary alcohol is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Hydride ions from sources such as NaBH4 and LiAlH4 are excellent nucleophiles but not practical leaving groups. These kinds of nucleophiles can still react with acid derivatives in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions and produce aldehyde intermediates.

In the next step, the aldehyde reacts with another equivalent of hydride to produce an alkoxide anion. This alkoxide ion will be protonated by proton transfer from the ethanol. Primary alcohol will be formed.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism for a generic reaction that converts an acid derivative to a primary alcohol is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Hydride ions from sources such as NaBH4 and LiAlH4 are excellent nucleophiles but not practical leaving groups. These kinds of nucleophiles can still react with acid derivatives in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions and produce aldehyde intermediates.

In the next step, the aldehyde reacts with another equivalent of hydride to produce an alkoxide anion. This alkoxide ion will be protonated by proton transfer from the ethanol. Primary alcohol will be formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Detailed mechanism for a generic reaction that converts an acid derivative to a primary alcohol is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Hydride ions from sources such as NaBH4 and LiAlH4 are excellent nucleophiles but not practical leaving groups. These kinds of nucleophiles can still react with acid derivatives in nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions and produce aldehyde intermediates.

In the next step, the aldehyde reacts with another equivalent of hydride to produce an alkoxide anion. This alkoxide ion will be protonated by proton transfer from the ethanol. Primary alcohol will be formed.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20, Problem 20.14P

Interpretation Introduction