Chapter 20, Problem 20.43P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The product formed for the given reaction with organometallic reagents is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The product formed for the given reaction with organometallic reagents is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Grignard reagent is prepared by the reaction of alkyl or aryl bromide with magnesium metal in the presence of ether. The reaction of Grignard reagent with an aldehyde/ketone followed by hydrolysis yields an alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The product formed for the given reaction with organometallic reagents is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Grignard reagent is prepared by the reaction of alkyl or aryl bromide with magnesium metal in the presence of ether. The reaction of Grignard reagent with an aldehyde/ketone followed by hydrolysis yields an alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The product formed for the given reaction with organometallic reagents is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Grignard reagent is prepared by the reaction of alkyl or aryl bromide with magnesium metal in the presence of ether. The reaction of Grignard reagent with an aldehyde/ketone followed by hydrolysis yields an alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The product formed for the given reaction with organometallic reagents is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Addition of organolithium reagent in the presence of water reduces alkene into alkanes. Organolithium is used as reduction reagent.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The product formed for the given reaction with organometallic reagents is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: The steps involved in the reaction of ketone with organolithium reagent are as follows:

• The first step involves the reduction of carbonyl group into single bonds.

• The second step is the addition of R group from organometallic reagent and hydrogen to oxygen.