BIOCHEM-ACHIEVE(FIRST DAY DISCOUNTED)
9th Edition
ISBN: 2818000069358
Author: BERG
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 20, Problem 40P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The mechanism for interconversion of aldose ribose 5-phosphate and ketose ribulose 5-phosphate should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The enzyme Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion between ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate.
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Draw Gluconeogenesis. Please make sure to state all the enzymes and co-factors for each step of the pathway.
Instructions.
Given each set of information which may include common name(s) and the reaction catalyzed, you are required to identify the main class of the specific enzyme described.
Name: citryl-CoA synthetase
Reaction: ATP + citrate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + (3S)-citryl-CoA
Name: D-xylulose reductase
Reaction: xylitol + NAD+ = D-xylulose + NADH + H+
Name: cellobiose phosphorylase
Reaction: cellobiose phosphate = α-D-glucose 1-phosphate + D-glucose
Name: carbonic anhydrase
Reaction: H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O
Other info: The enzyme catalyzes the reversible hydration of gaseous CO2 to carbonic acid, which dissociates to give hydrogencarbonate above neutral pH.
Name: pantoate activating enzyme
Reaction: ATP + (R)-pantoate = AMP + diphosphate + (R)-pantothenate.
disease. As such, a frontline treatment for Type 2 diabetes is the drug metformin, which acts indirectly
to inhibit gluconeogenesis in the liver. You are a research biochemist who would like to develop new
drugs that act to directly inhibit gluconeogenesis. You have just gained access to a library of thousands
of small molecules of unknown activity, and you would like to identify lead compounds that have specific
inhibitory activity against steps in the gluconeogenesis pathway.
(a)
into PEP in order to screen for inhibitors of enzymes specific to gluconeogenesis. Which enzymes do
you need to purify, what cofactors and allosteric effectors do they require, and which reactants do you
need to add to reconstitute the reactions for the first bypass? Which intermediates and products are
generated?
Your first approach is to reconstitute the initial set of bypass reactions that convert pyruvate
(b)
vitro reconstitution?
What additional steps and enzymes are required in liver cells but are…
Chapter 20 Solutions
BIOCHEM-ACHIEVE(FIRST DAY DISCOUNTED)
Ch. 20 - Prob. 1PCh. 20 - Prob. 2PCh. 20 - Prob. 3PCh. 20 - Prob. 4PCh. 20 - Prob. 5PCh. 20 - Prob. 6PCh. 20 - Prob. 7PCh. 20 - Prob. 8PCh. 20 - Prob. 9PCh. 20 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 20 - Prob. 11PCh. 20 - Prob. 12PCh. 20 - Prob. 13PCh. 20 - Prob. 14PCh. 20 - Prob. 15PCh. 20 - Prob. 16PCh. 20 - Prob. 17PCh. 20 - Prob. 18PCh. 20 - Prob. 19PCh. 20 - Prob. 20PCh. 20 - Prob. 21PCh. 20 - Prob. 22PCh. 20 - Prob. 23PCh. 20 - Prob. 24PCh. 20 - Prob. 25PCh. 20 - Prob. 26PCh. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Prob. 28PCh. 20 - Prob. 29PCh. 20 - Prob. 30PCh. 20 - Prob. 31PCh. 20 - Prob. 32PCh. 20 - Prob. 33PCh. 20 - Prob. 34PCh. 20 - Prob. 35PCh. 20 - Prob. 36PCh. 20 - Prob. 37PCh. 20 - Prob. 38PCh. 20 - Prob. 39PCh. 20 - Prob. 40PCh. 20 - Prob. 41PCh. 20 - Prob. 42PCh. 20 - Prob. 43PCh. 20 - Prob. 44PCh. 20 - Prob. 45PCh. 20 - Prob. 46PCh. 20 - Prob. 47PCh. 20 - Prob. 48P
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- Draw Gluconeogenesis. Please make sure to state all the enzymes and co-factors for each step of the pathway. note you are responsible for all the enzymes for each step, even though it is not stated on the slide.arrow_forwardPernicious anemia. Purine biosynthesis is impaired by vitamin B12 B12 deficiency. Why? How might fatty acid and amino acid metabolism also be affected bya vitamin B12B12 deficiency?arrow_forwardTracing glucose. Glucose labeled with 14 C at C-6 is added to a solution containing the enzymes and cofactors of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. What is the fate of the radioactive label?arrow_forward
- They are everywhere. What energetic barrier prevents glycolysis from simply running in reverse tosynthesis glucose? What is the energetic cost to overcome this barrier?arrow_forward. Pyruvate can be processed under anaerobic conditions to ethanol (in yeast) or to lactate (in mammals), as shown. Explain the primary purpose of these reactions. Describe the major biochemical features of each reactionarrow_forwardHi, help please. Discuss each method of regulating phosphofructokinase below as indicated by the circle. Discuss 1.) The type of regulation occurring, 2.) What compound or condition performs the regulation, 3.) How/why it influences the enzyme activity.arrow_forward
- X INCORRECT; see section 13.1 Enzymes occasionally display weak "“side" activities. Draw the structure of the product (other than ADP) of the reaction that results when pyruvate kinase, operating in reverse, uses lactate as a substrate. For your structure: 1. Do not include primary or secondary hydrogens. CH2 HO OH Edit Drawingarrow_forward27. Working at cross-purposes . Write a balanced equation showing the effect of simultaneous activation of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase. Include the reactions catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.arrow_forwardHelp filling in the blanks: The malate aspartate shuttle plays many roles in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Malate can be transferred into the cytosol and interconverted in one enzymatic step to produce [oxaloacetate/glucose/PEP/pyruvate] for use in the pathway of [glycolysis/gluconeogenesis]. A product of the urea cycle, derived from aspartate, can also be converted to malate in one enzymatic step and shuttled into the mitochondria so that the urea cycle product can be used in [fatty acid synthesis/the citric acid cycle/β-oxidation]. The amino group from aspartate can be transferred to [oxalacetate/malate/fumarate/pyruvate/a- ketoglutarate] to form glutamate, which is then transported into the mitochondria. In fact many amino acids are transaminated in this way to form glutamate in the cytosol. In this way, incoming amino acids from the bloodstream can be shuttled into the liver mitochondria as glutamate for conversion by glutamate dehydrogenase to [glutamate/a-ketoglutarate…arrow_forward
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