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EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100853180
Author: STOKER
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Question
Chapter 20.18, Problem 2QQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The incorrect statement concerning the basic immunoglobulin structure has to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The most important soluble proteins found in the human body are immunoglobulins. They serve as antibodies to fight against the antigens.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The five classes of immunoglobulin differ in ….
Select one:
a.
None of the above
b.
Ability to bind various classes of antigens (viral, bacterial etc)
c.
Make up of the heavy and light chains
d.
Rate of mutation in the variable domain (i.e. speed at which each class can respond to a new antigen)
e.
Size of the variable domain
The ends of each heavy chain and light chain in an immunoglobulin make up the antigen-binding sites. The end of one of these chains is shown here.
Biochemists tend to classify protein structures into four groups: mostly alpha, mostly beta, mixed alpha and beta, or neither alpha nor beta. Based on the model shown here, how would you classify this part of the immunoglobulin protein?
The loopy polypeptide segments at the very top of the structure shown are the segments that actually contact the antigen. Would you expect these binding segments to be rigid or flexible?
Explain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect.
All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation EXCEPT one. Select the one answer that does NOT describe the classical pathway of complement activation.
a. It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function.
b. It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens.
c. Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins.
d. It activates T helper cells by presenting antigen to them.
Chapter 20 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.1 - Proteins are naturally occurring unbranched...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.2 - How do the various standard amino acids differ...Ch. 20.2 - The number of carboxyl groups and amino groups...Ch. 20.2 - How many different subclassifications are there...Ch. 20.2 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.3 - Proteins from plant sources are a. always complete...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 3QQ
Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.4 - Which of the following groups is positioned at the...Ch. 20.4 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 20.5 - Which of the standard amino acids exist as...Ch. 20.5 - Which of the following is the zwitterion ion...Ch. 20.5 - Which of the following is the structural form for...Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.6 - Prob. 2QQCh. 20.7 - The joining together of two amino acids to form a...Ch. 20.7 - The number of peptide bonds present in a...Ch. 20.7 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 4QQCh. 20.7 - How many isomeric tripeptides can be formed from...Ch. 20.8 - The two best-known peptide hormones present in the...Ch. 20.8 - Which of the following peptides is an important...Ch. 20.9 - The term protein is generally reserved for...Ch. 20.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 20.9 - Which of the following is not a distinguishing...Ch. 20.10 - Specifying the primary structure of a protein...Ch. 20.10 - Prob. 2QQCh. 20.10 - Prob. 3QQCh. 20.11 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.11 - Prob. 2QQCh. 20.11 - Prob. 3QQCh. 20.12 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.12 - Hydrophobic interactions associated with protein...Ch. 20.12 - R group interactions between which of the...Ch. 20.13 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.13 - Which of the following types of interactions does...Ch. 20.14 - The complete hydrolysis of a protein produces a...Ch. 20.14 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 20.15 - Which of the following levels of protein structure...Ch. 20.15 - Which of the following does not involve protein...Ch. 20.15 - Prob. 3QQCh. 20.16 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.16 - Prob. 2QQCh. 20.16 - Prob. 3QQCh. 20.16 - In which of the following pairs of proteins are...Ch. 20.17 - Insulin and human growth hormone are examples of...Ch. 20.17 - Myoglobin and transferrin are examples of a....Ch. 20.17 - Prob. 3QQCh. 20.18 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.18 - Prob. 2QQCh. 20.18 - Prob. 3QQCh. 20.19 - Prob. 1QQCh. 20.19 - Which of the following types of plasma...Ch. 20.19 - Prob. 3QQCh. 20 - Prob. 20.1EPCh. 20 - What element is always present in proteins that is...Ch. 20 - What percent of a cells overall mass is accounted...Ch. 20 - Approximately how many different proteins are...Ch. 20 - What is signified when an amino acid is designated...Ch. 20 - What functional groups are present in all -amino...Ch. 20 - Indicate whether or not each of the following...Ch. 20 - Indicate whether or not each of the following...Ch. 20 - How many carbon atoms are present in the R group...Ch. 20 - How many carbon atoms are present in the R group...Ch. 20 - With the help of Table 20-1, determine the name...Ch. 20 - With the help of Table 20-1, determine the name...Ch. 20 - With the help of Table 20-1, classify each of the...Ch. 20 - With the help of Table 20-1, classify each of the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.15EPCh. 20 - With the help of Table 20-1, classify each of the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.17EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.18EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.19EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.20EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.21EPCh. 20 - How many amino groups and how many carboxyl groups...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.23EPCh. 20 - Which two of the standard amino acids are...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.25EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.26EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.27EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.28EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.29EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.30EPCh. 20 - Indicate whether or not the designation...Ch. 20 - Indicate whether or not the designation...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.33EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.34EPCh. 20 - To which family of mirror-image isomers do nearly...Ch. 20 - In what way is the structure of glycine different...Ch. 20 - Draw Fischer projection formulas for the following...Ch. 20 - Draw Fischer projection formulas for the following...Ch. 20 - Answer the following questions about the amino...Ch. 20 - Answer the following questions about the amino...Ch. 20 - At room temperature, amino acids are solids with...Ch. 20 - At room temperature, most amino acids are not very...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.43EPCh. 20 - Draw the zwitterion structure for each of the...Ch. 20 - Draw the structure of serine at each of the...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.46EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.47EPCh. 20 - Most amino acids have isoelectric points between...Ch. 20 - Glutamic acid exists in two low-pH forms instead...Ch. 20 - Arginine exists in two high-pH forms instead of...Ch. 20 - In a low-pH aqueous solution, indicate whether...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.52EPCh. 20 - When two cysteine molecules dimerize, what happens...Ch. 20 - What chemical reaction involving the cysteine...Ch. 20 - What two functional groups are involved in the...Ch. 20 - Write a generalized structural representation for...Ch. 20 - For the tripeptide GlyAlaCys a. What amino acid is...Ch. 20 - For the tripeptide SerValMet a. What amino acid is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.59EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.60EPCh. 20 - Draw a complete condensed structural...Ch. 20 - Draw a complete condensed structural...Ch. 20 - With the help of Table 20-1, identify the amino...Ch. 20 - With the help of Table 20-1, identify the amino...Ch. 20 - With the help of Table 20-1, assign an IUPAC name...Ch. 20 - With the help of Table 20-1, assign an IUPAC name...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.67EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.68EPCh. 20 - For the tripeptide AlaValGly which amino acid...Ch. 20 - For the tripeptide SerArgIle which amino acid...Ch. 20 - Consider the tripeptide tyrosylleucylisoleucine....Ch. 20 - Consider the tripeptide leucylvalyltryptophan. a....Ch. 20 - Explain why the notations SerCys and CysSer...Ch. 20 - Explain why the notations AlaGlyValAla and...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.75EPCh. 20 - There are a total of six different amino acid...Ch. 20 - Compare the structures of the protein hormones...Ch. 20 - Compare the protein hormones oxytocin and...Ch. 20 - Compare the binding-site locations in the brain...Ch. 20 - Compare the structures of the peptide...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.81EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.82EPCh. 20 - What is the major difference between a monomeric...Ch. 20 - What is the major difference between a simple...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.85EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.86EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.87EPCh. 20 - Two proteins with the same amino acid composition...Ch. 20 - How many different primary structures are possible...Ch. 20 - How many different primary structures are possible...Ch. 20 - How many different primary structures are possible...Ch. 20 - How many different primary structures are possible...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.93EPCh. 20 - Draw a segment of the backbone of a protein that...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.95EPCh. 20 - In a pleated sheet secondary structure for a...Ch. 20 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 20 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.99EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.100EPCh. 20 - State the four types of attractive forces that...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.102EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.103EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.104EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.105EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.106EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.107EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.108EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.109EPCh. 20 - Not all proteins have quaternary structure....Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.111EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.112EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.113EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.114EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.115EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.116EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.117EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.118EPCh. 20 - Identify the primary structure of a hexapeptide...Ch. 20 - Identify the primary structure of a hexapeptide...Ch. 20 - Draw structural formulas for the products obtained...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.122EPCh. 20 - Which structural levels of a protein are affected...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.124EPCh. 20 - In what way is the protein in a cooked egg the...Ch. 20 - Why is cooked protein more easily digested than...Ch. 20 - Indicate whether or not each of the following...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.128EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.129EPCh. 20 - Contrast fibrous and globular proteins in terms of...Ch. 20 - Classify each of the following proteins as a...Ch. 20 - What is the major biochemical function of each of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.133EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.134EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.135EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.136EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.137EPCh. 20 - Where are the carbohydrate units located in...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.139EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.140EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.141EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.142EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.143EPCh. 20 - Describe the process by which blood...Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.145EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.146EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.147EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.148EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.149EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.150EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.151EPCh. 20 - Prob. 20.152EP
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- Concerning structure and function of antibodies, which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a. Each antibody can recognise thousands of antigens b. Antibodies can activate complement cascade c. An antibody usually has a complement binding site, a macrophage binding site, and anantigen binding site d. Antibodies can act as opsonins e. Antibodies can neutralise toxins 48) Which of the following is NOT a component of the innate immune defence: a. Mucous membranes trapping foreign invaders b. Complement proteins stimulating phagocytosis c. Phagocytes killing invaders d. Low pH in stomach preventing bacterial growth e. Vaccines preventing infection by inducing memoryarrow_forwardwhich one of the following properties of antibodies is NOT dependant on the structure of the heavy-chain constant region? A. ability to cross the placenta B. isotype (class of antibody) C. ability to fix complement D. affinity for drugarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true for antigen presentation. a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells. b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface. d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells. h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activationarrow_forward
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- Which of the following statements is correct? A. CLIP binds to MHC class I molecule. B. Peptides in the ER lumen usually bind to the MHC class II peptide-binding groove. C. The invariant chain can bind to the MHC class II peptide-binding groove. D. The acidic pH trigger proteasomes to digest proteins inside endosomes. E. Calnexin, calreticulin, and tapasin associate with MHC class II molecules.arrow_forward(35) Human immunization with purified polysaccharide antigens generates a response that is not dependent on T-lymphocytes control. As a result switching of immunoglobulin class during immune response does not occur . Therefore,the human immune response 2 months after vaccination with purified polysaccharide involves primarily which of the following immunoglobulin classes? (A) IgA. (B) IgD. (C) IgE. (D) IgG.…arrow_forwardWhich of the following best defines MHC restriction? Select one: a. The TCR recognizes a particular epitope in the context of a specific MHC molecule. b. Any given MHC molecule is able to bind a wide variety of epitopes. C. The TCR recognizes only the MHC molecule. Od. The TCR recognizes the epitope bound to any MHC molecule having the correct motif. Oe. A TCR may bind to either an MHC Class I or MHC Class II molecule along with the bound epitope.arrow_forward
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