Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
For the given reaction it should be identified that whether it is exergonic or endergonic and also that whether it produces phosphate which later release energy by giving phosphate group.
Concept Introduction:
Exergonic: The reaction is considered as exergonic if energy released since the reactants loses its energy making the free energy more negative hence making it spontaneous reaction.
Endergonic: The reaction is considered as endergonic if it needs more energy means that activation energy is much higher making the reaction non spontaneous.
Favorable Reaction: They release free energy which in turn used to do work. The products will have lower energy than reactants of the reaction shows that stable products are obtained hence the value of
The tendency for reaction proceed toward product side before reaching equilibrium will increases as more amount of free energy released.
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given reaction it should be identified that whether it is exergonic or endergonic and also that whether it produces phosphate which later release energy by giving phosphate group.
.
Concept Introduction:
Exergonic: The reaction is considered as exergonic if energy released since the reactants loses its energy making the free energy more negative hence making it spontaneous reaction.
Endergonic: The reaction is considered as endergonic if it needs more energy means that activation energy is much higher making the reaction non spontaneous.
Favorable Reaction: They release free energy which in turn used to do work. The products will have lower energy than reactants of the reaction shows that stable products are obtained hence the value of
The tendency for reaction proceed toward product side before reaching equilibrium will increases as more amount of free energy released.
(c)
Interpretation:
For the given reaction it should be identified that whether it is exergonic or endergonic and also that whether it produces phosphate which later release energy by giving phosphate group.
Concept Introduction:
Exergonic: The reaction is considered as exergonic if energy released since the reactants loses its energy making the free energy more negative hence making it spontaneous reaction.
Endergonic: The reaction is considered as endergonic if it needs more energy means that activation energy is much higher making the reaction non spontaneous.
Favorable Reaction: They release free energy which in turn used to do work. The products will have lower energy than reactants of the reaction shows that stable products are obtained hence the value of
The tendency for reaction proceed toward product side before reaching equilibrium will increases as more amount of free energy released.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 21 Solutions
EBK FUND.OF GENERAL,ORG.+BIO.CHEMISTRY
- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.arrow_forwardHow many more acetyl CoA are generated from stearic acid than from linoleic acid during beta oxidation?arrow_forwardIf the w-carbon atom of a fatty acyl CoA molecule with a C18 chain is labeled with C14, how many rounds of β-oxidation are required to produce a radioactively labeled acetyl CoA? a. four b. five c. six d. seven e. eight f. ninearrow_forward
- Acetly CoA can quickly enter the citric acid cyle by joining with a C4 compound and forming citrate. Meanwhile, GTP (or ATP) is generated using inorganic phosphate while succinyl CoA is converted to succinate. What is the main reason both acetly CoA and succinyl CoA can perform such work? a. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both contain coenzyme A, which is a high-energy compound. b. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both form an unstable thioester bond with coenzyme A. c. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both bind with inorganic phosphate which is used to generate ATP (or GTP). d. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA both transiently form a covalent bond with the enzymes that catalyze the next reaction, pyruvate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase, respectively. e. Acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA use the energy collected from the electron transport chain.arrow_forwardIf oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acidcycle, how many ATPs will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energyyield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would bederived from the metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of isoleucine to CO2, H2O,and NH3? Of tyrosine?arrow_forwardHow many molecules of acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in the catabolism of a molecule of arachidonic acid, an 20-carbon carboxylic acid? How many times does the spiral reaction sequence occurarrow_forward
- Looking at the structure of alpha linolenic acid, how many rounds of beta oxidation will occur to fully oxidize the fatty acid into acetyl CoA molecules? Please provide explanationsarrow_forward2-Bromopalmitoyl-CoA inhibits the oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA by isolated mitochondria but has no effect on the oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine. What is the most likely site of inhibition by 2-bromopalmitoyl-CoA?arrow_forwardMost fatty acids have an even number of carbons and, therefore, are completely metabolized to acetyl-CoA. A fatty acid with an odd number of carbonsis metabolized to acetyl-CoA and one equivalent of propionyl-CoA. The following two reactions convert propionyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA, a citric acidcycle intermediate, so it can be further metabolized. Each of the reactions requires a coenzyme. Identify the coenzyme for each step. From what vitaminsare the coenzymes derived? (Hint: see Chapter 23.) COO− COO−CH2CH2methylmalonyl-CoA succinyl-CoA CH3CH2 SCoAarrow_forward
- Which of the following biochemical conversions can be carried out by the least number of proteins? Assume proper metabolic conditions, abundance of cofactors, necessary accessory molecules, etc. 1 propionyl-CoA → 1 succinyl-CoA 1 palmitate (16:0) → 8 acetyl-CoA 1 acetyl-CoA + 7 malonyl-CoA → 1 palmitate (16:0) 1 palmitate (16:0) → 1 acetyl-CoA + 1 myristic acid (14:0) 1 acetyl-CoA → 1 succinate Please answer very soon will give rating surelyarrow_forwardLooking at the structure of alpha linolenic acid, how many rounds of beta oxidation will occur to fully oxidize the fatty acid into acetyl CoA molecules?arrow_forwardWhen one of the acetyl CoA is processed through the citric acid cycle, how many times does a secondary alcohol group is oxidized to a ketone group?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning