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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Water insoluble carboxylic acids are dissolving in
Concept Introduction:
Stronger and weaker acids:
Stronger acids are more reactive because of their less stability whereas weaker acids are less reactive because of their more stability. So, the equilibrium always shifts in the forward direction with respect to the stronger acids because stronger acids are more reactive to form the products. Therefore, in an equilibrium reaction, the equilibrium shifts only in accordance to the stronger acids and not with respect to the weaker acids.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
OWLv2 with MindTap Reader, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card for Brown/Iverson/Anslyn/Foote's Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition
- Will acetylene react with sodium hydride according to the following equation to form a salt and hydrogen, H2? Using pKa values given in Table 4.1, calculate Keq for this equilibrium.arrow_forwardDicarboxylic acids have two dissociation constants, one for the initial dissociation into a monoanion and one for the second dissociation into a dianion. For oxalic acid, HO2C—CO2H, the first ionization constant is pKal = 1.2 and the second ionization constant is pKa2 = 4.2. Why is the second carboxyl group far less acidic than the first?arrow_forwardCalculate the Ka's for the following acids: (a) Citric acid, pKa = 3.14 (b) Tartaric acid, pKa = 2.98arrow_forward
- Compare the pH of propionic acid and nitric acid when they are dissolved in water at a concentration of 20 mM. This should include writing a balanced equation describing the acid-base reactions involved, calculation of the pKa for both, calculation of pH, and calculation of the percent dissociation of both.arrow_forwardWhy are carboxylic acids more acidic than alcohols? The increased inductive effect of the alkyl group of the carboxylic acid resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion (conjugate base of carboxylic acids) Due to hydrogen bonding They have high pKa valuesarrow_forwardSuggest a possible structure for Compound X.arrow_forward
- At pH 3.0, what percentage (in %) of lactic acid is in its deprotonated form? Hint: The pka of lactic acid is 3.86.arrow_forwardThe pKa of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, page 55) is 4.17, showing that it is slightly more acidic than acetic acid (CH3COOH, pKa 4.74). Compare the most stable conjugate base of ascorbic acid with the conjugate base of acetic acid, and suggest why these two compounds have similar acidities, even though ascorbic acid lacks the carboxylic acid (COOH) group.arrow_forwardProvide an explanation without using the pka values : Why is phenol stronger acid than butanoic acid?arrow_forward
- The Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases is: Acids are proton donors, bases are proton acceptors Acids are nucleophiles and bases are electrophiles Acids are proton acceptors, bases are proton donors Carboxy groups are acids and amine groups are bases Carboxy groups are electrophiles and amine groups are nucelophilesarrow_forwardCalculate the pH of a 0.105 M solution of ethylenediamine (H,NCH,CH,NH,). The pKa values for the acidic form of ethylenediamine (H†NCH,CH,NH) are 6.848 (pKa1) and 9.928 (pK22). pH Calculate the concentration of each form of ethylenediamine in this solution at equilibrium. [H,NCH,CH,NH,] = M [H,NCH,CH,NH; 1 = M [HNCH,CH,NH] = Marrow_forwardAlcohols are weak organic acids, pKa 15–18. The pKa of ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is 15.9. Write equations for the equilibrium reactions of ethanol with each base. Which equilibria lie considerably toward the right? Which lie considerably toward the left? Q.) NaOHarrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
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