Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 21, Problem 51Q
To determine
Compare gamma ray bursts with x-ray bursts. Also explain why x-ray bursts emit repeated pulses and gamma ray bursts emit just once from the model that causes the energetic phenomenon.
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As a mass m of gas falls into a black hole, at most 0.1mc2 is likely to emerge as radiation; the rest is swallowed by the black hole. Show the Eddington luminosity for a black hole of mass M is equivalent to 2*10-9 Mc2yr-1. Explain why we expect the black hole's mass to grow by at least a factor of e every 5*107 years. Where Edding Luminicity is defined as LE=(4piGMmpc)/(sigmaT), where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the black hole, mp is the mass of a proton, c is the speed of light, and sigmaT is Thomson scattering where sigmaT=6.653*10-25 cm2.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Universe
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- How did astronomers finally solve the mystery of what gamma-ray bursts were? What instruments were required to find the solution?arrow_forwardWhat do astronomers think are the causes of longer-duration gamma-ray bursts and shorter duration gamma-ray bursts?arrow_forwardFor experimental evidence particularly of previously unobserved phenomena, to be taken seriously it must be reproducible or of sufficiently high quality that a single observation is meaningful. Supernova 1987A is not reproducible. How do we know observations of it were valid? The fifth force is not broadly accepted. Is this due to lack of reproducibility or poorquality experiments (or both)? Discuss why forefront experiments are more subject to observational problems than those involving established phenomena.arrow_forward
- Who measures the proper time between the emission of the particle and the detection by Diana? a) Dianab) Otáviod) Eduardoe) Otherarrow_forwardAccording to a model described in the text, a neutron star has a radius of about 10 km. Assume that the pulses occur once per rotation. According to Einstein’s theory of relatively, nothing can move faster than the speed of light. Check to make sure that this pulsar model does not violate relativity. Calculate the rotation speed of the Crab Nebula pulsar at its equator, given its period of 0.033 s. (Remember that distance equals velocitytime and that the circumference of a circle is given by 2pR).arrow_forward(a) Calculate The approximate age of the universe from the average value of the Hubble constant, To do this, calculate the time it would take to travel 1 Mly at a constant expansion rate of 20 km/s. (b) If deceleration is taken into account, would the actual age of the universe be greater or less than that found here? Explain.arrow_forward
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