Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134447285
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21.2, Problem 3CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS Ø The ENCODE pilot project found that at least 75% of the genome is transcribed into RNAs, far more than could be accounted for by proteiri-coding genes. Review Concepts 17.3 and 18.3 and suggest some roles that these RNAs might play.
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Q1 There are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ.
b) Hypothesize the transcription of eukaryotic genes using prokaryotic promoter with further explanation.
In a few sentences:
Describe in detail the 3 steps of transcription and the 3 steps of translation.
• Describe what types of post-transcription modifications occur in eukaryotic cells.
Describe how proteins may be processed after translation
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Campbell Biology
Ch. 21.1 - Describe the whole-genome shotgun approach.Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 21.2 - Explain the advantage of the systems biology...Ch. 21.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The ENCODE pilot project found...Ch. 21.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 20.2, you learned...Ch. 21.3 - The best estimate is that the human genome...Ch. 21.3 - The Genomes Online Database (GOLD) Website of the...Ch. 21.3 - WHAT IF? What evolutionary processes might...Ch. 21.4 - Discuss the characteristics of mammalian genomes...Ch. 21.4 - VISUAL SKILLS Which of the three mechanisms...
Ch. 21.4 - Contrast the organizations of the rRNA gene family...Ch. 21.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Assign each DNA segment at the...Ch. 21.5 - Describe three examples of errors in cellular...Ch. 21.5 - Explain how multiple exons might have arisen in...Ch. 21.5 - What are three ways that transposable elements are...Ch. 21.5 - WHAT IF? In 2005, Icelandic scientists reported...Ch. 21 - How did the Human Genome Project result in more...Ch. 21 - What has been the most significant finding of the...Ch. 21 - Compare genome size, gene number, and gene density...Ch. 21 - Explain how the function of transposable elements...Ch. 21 - How could chromosomal rearrangements lead to the...Ch. 21 - What type of Information can be obtained by...Ch. 21 - Bioinformatics intludes all of the following...Ch. 21 - Homeotic genes (A) encode transcription factors...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 21 - DRAW IT Below are the amino acid sequences(using...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Genes important in the...Ch. 21 - scientific inquiry The scientists mapping the SNPs...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 21 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Insects have three...
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- Q.) A.)Search in human genome if any examples of mRNA translated from 2 different sites?and give examples? B.)aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is specialized or not ? And why?arrow_forward5’ATCGCGCTAGGCGCATGCTACCTAGGCTATCTGCCTAGCTATCGACTAATCTGATCGAGTCAG3’ 3’TAGCGCGATCCGCGTACGATGGATCCGATAGACGGATCGATAGCTGATTAGACTAGCTCAGTC5’ Write out the pre-mRNA for this geneWrite out the mRNA for this geneHow many amino acids does this protein have? Translate the protein Label your 5’ and 3’ UTR’sarrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the CRISPR-Cas systemto the miRNA system discussed in Concept 18.3, includingtheir mechanisms and their functions.arrow_forward
- Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cellinvolves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reversetranscriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of(A) post-transcriptional processing.(B) post-translational processing.(C) nucleic acid hybridization.(D) restriction fragment ligationarrow_forwardE30. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay can be used to study the binding of proteins to a segment of DNA. In the experiment shown here, an EMSA was used to examine the requirements for the bind- ing of RNA polymerase II (from eukaryotic cells) to the promoter of a protein-encoding gene. The assembly of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II at the core promoter is described in Chapter 12 (Figure 12.14). In this experiment, the segment of DNA containing a promoter sequence was 1100 bp in length. The fragment was mixed with various combinations of proteins and then subjected to an EMSA. Lane 1: No proteins added Lane 2: TFID Lane 3: TFIIB Lane 4: RNA polymerase I| Lane 5: TFID + TFIIB Lane 6: TFID + RNA 1 2 4 5 6 polymerase II| Lane 7: TFIID + TFIIB + RNA polymerase I| 1100 bp Explain which proteins (TFIID, TFIIB, or RNA polymerase II) are able to bind to this DNA fragment by themselves. Which transcrip- tion factors (i.e., TFIID or TFIIB) are needed for the binding of…arrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS The restriction site for an enzymecalled PvuI is the following sequence:5’-CGATCG-3’3’-GCTAGC-5’arrow_forward
- Examine the following mRNA transcripts: Wild type: 5' CACUGAUGCACGGAUCAU 3' Mutant: 5' CACUGAUGCACGGAUGAU 3' What is the THIRD amino acid that will be translated in the wild-type sequence? SECOND BASE G. C. uGu-Cystelne (Cys) Uac UGA -Stop codon UGa -Tryptophan (Trp) UCU Ucc UAU UAC Tyrosine (Tyr) Phenylalanine (Phe) UUC. Serine (Ser) U UUA UuG UAA -Stop codon UAG -Stop codon UCA Leucine (Leu) Uca. CGu cac ccu CUU CUC CAU Histidine (His) Leucine (Leu) Proline (Pro) CAC Arginine (Arg) CUA CaA CCA ccG CAA Cua Glutamine (Gin) caa CAG ACU ACC AGU AUU AUC AAU Asparagine (Asn) Serine (Ser) Isoleucine (le) AAC AGC Threonine (Thr) AUA ACA AAA AGA Methionine (Met) Start codon ACC AAG -Lysine (Lyn) AGG Arginine (Arg) AUG - GcU GAU GUU GUC GUA GUG Aspartic acid (Asp) GAC GcC GCA aco Valine (Val) Alanine (Ala) -Glycine (Gly) GGA GAA GAG Glutamic acid (Glu) O Cysteine O Methionine O Histidine O Glycine FIRST BASE THIRD BASEarrow_forward97Which of the following is examples of a transposable element found in bacteria? (multiple choice questions)A.IS903b.Tn5c.IS1D.Xis 98What is the key component of the catalytic site of the spliceosome? (multiple choice questions)A.DNAb.ribosomesc.proteinD.RNA 99Which antibiotic can binds to RNA polymerase and blocks an early step in RNA synthesis?A.Ampicillinb.Chloramphenicolc.RimantidineD.None of the above 100All tRNA molecules have poly (A) tails at their 3' end. Yesornoarrow_forwardE17. Gene mutagenesis is also used to explore the structure and function of proteins. For example, changes can be made to the coding sequence of a gene to determine how alterations in the amino acid sequence affect the function of a protein. Let's suppose that you are interested in the functional importance of a particular glutamic acid (an amino acid) within a protein you are studying. By site-directed mutagenesis, you make mutant proteins in which this glutamic acid codon has been changed to other codons. You then test the encoded mutant proteins for functionality. The results are as follows: Functionality (%) Normal protein 100 Mutant proteins containing Тугosine Phenylalanine 3 Aspartic acid 94 Glycine From these results, what would you conclude about the functional significance of this glutamic acid within the protein?arrow_forward
- WHAT IF? In eukaryotic cells, mRNAs have been foundto have a circular arrangement in which proteins holdthe poly-A tail near the 5¿ cap. How might this increasetranslation efficiency?arrow_forward. In many bacterial species, regulatory sRNAs havebeen identified by transcriptome sequencing (RNASeq). How do researchers know that the small RNAspecies identified by cDNA sequencing are regulatorysRNAs rather than fragments of longer mRNAs?arrow_forwardExamine the following mRNA transcripts: Wild type: 5' CACUGAUGCACGGAUCAU 3' Mutant: 5' CACUGAUGCACGGAUGAU 3' What kind of mutation is occurring in the mutant sequence compared to the wild type sequence? SECOND BASE Phenylalanine (Phe) UCU UAU Tyrosine (Tyr) UGU Cysteine (Cys) UUC UCc UAC UGC Serine (Ser) UAA -Stop codon UAG -Stop codon UGA -Stop codon uGa -Tryptophan (Trp) UUA UCA Leucine (Leu) UUG uca CUU CCU Cuc CAU CAC Histidine (His) CGU Leucine (Leu) Proline (Pro) C. CUA CuG Dainine (Arg) CCA cca CGA CAA CAG Glutamine (GIin) cGG AUU AUC ACU ACC ACA AAU AGU Isoleucine (lle) AAC Asparagine (Asn) AGC Serine (Ser) Threonine (Thr) AUA AAA Methionine (Met) Sta AGA AGG ACG AAG FLysine (Lys) Arginine (Arg) AUG - codon GUU Gcu Gcc GCA GAU GGU GUC GAc Aspartic acid (Asp) G. GUA Valine (Val) Alanine (Ala) Glycine (Gly) GAA GAG Glutamic acid (Glu) GGA GaG GUG aca O Silent O Missense O Nonsense O Frameshift FIRST BASE THIRD BASEarrow_forward
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