Principles of Economics 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172364
Author: Steven A. Greenlaw; David Shapiro
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 14RQ
Why does “substitution bias” arise if we calculate the inflation rate based on a fixed basket of goods?
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1. Suppose that the two nations face the following benefits of pollution, B, and costs of
abatement, C: BN = 10, Bs = 7; CN = 5, Cs = 4. Further assume that if the nation chooses to
abate pollution, it still receives the benefits of pollution but now must pay the cost of
abatement as well.
a. Identify the payoffs that accrue to each nation under the four different possible
outcomes of the game and present these payoffs in the normal form of the game.
b. Recall that the term dominant strategy defines the condition that a player in a game
would prefer to play that strategy (in this case either pollute or abate) regardless of
the strategy chosen by the other player in the game. Does either nation have a
dominant strategy in this game? If so, what is it?
c. Identify the Nash equilibria, or non-cooperative equilibria, of this game.
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2. A homeowner is concerned about the various air pollutants (e.g., benzene and methane)
released in her house when she cooks with natural gas. She is considering replacing her gas
oven and stove with an electric stove comprising an induction cooktop and convection oven.
The new appliance costs $900 to purchase and install. Capping the old gas line costs an
additional $150 (a one-time fee). The old line must be inspected for leaks each year after
capping, at a cost of $35 for each inspection.
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rate is 4%, what is the minimum present value of the benefits that the homeowner
would need to experience for this purchase to be justified based on its private net
sub present value?
b. While trying to understand how she might express the value of reduced exposure to
indoor air pollutants in dollar terms, the homeowner consulted the EPA website and
found estimates provided by…
After the ban is imposed, Joe’s firm switches to the more expensive biodegradable disposable cups. This increases the cost associated with each cup of coffee it produces.
Which cost curve(s) will be impacted by the use of the more expensive biodegradable disposable cups? Why? Which cost curve(s) will not shift, and why not? Please use the table below to answer this question. For the second column (“Impacted? If so, how?”), please use one of the following three choices: No shift; Shifts up (i.e., increases: at nearly any given quantity, the cost goes up); or Shifts down (i.e., decreases: at nearly any given quantity, the cost goes down). $
Cost Curve
Impacted? If so, how?
Explanation of the Shift: Why or Why Not
AFC
No shift.
Fix costs stay the same, regardless of quantity. Fixed cost is calculated as Fixed Cost/Quantity. Since fixed costs remain unchanged, AFC stays the same for each quantity.
MC
Shifts up.
Since the biodegradable cups are more expensive, the…
Chapter 22 Solutions
Principles of Economics 2e
Ch. 22 - Table 22.4 shows the fruit prices that the typing...Ch. 22 - Construct the price index for a fruit basket in...Ch. 22 - Compute the inflation rate for fruit prices from...Ch. 22 - Edna is living in a retirement home where home...Ch. 22 - How to Measure Changes in the Cost of Living...Ch. 22 - The Consumer Price Index is subject to the...Ch. 22 - Go to this website...Ch. 22 - If inflation rises unexpectedly by 5, would a...Ch. 22 - How should an increase in inflation affect the...Ch. 22 - A fixed-rate mortgage has the same interest rate...
Ch. 22 - How do economists use a basket of goods and...Ch. 22 - Why do economists use index numbers to measure the...Ch. 22 - What is the difference between the price level and...Ch. 22 - Why does substitution bias arise if we calculate...Ch. 22 - Why does the quality/new goods bias arise if we...Ch. 22 - What has been a typical range of inflation in the...Ch. 22 - Over the last century, during what periods was the...Ch. 22 - What is deflation?Ch. 22 - Identity several parties likely to he helped and...Ch. 22 - What is indexing?Ch. 22 - Name several forms of indexing in the private and...Ch. 22 - Inflation rates, like most statistics, are...Ch. 22 - Given the federal budget deficit in recent years,...Ch. 22 - Why is the GDP deflator not an accurate measure of...Ch. 22 - Imagine that the government statisticians who...Ch. 22 - Describe a situation, either a government policy...Ch. 22 - Describe a situation, either a government policy...Ch. 22 - Why do you mink the U.S. experience with inflation...Ch. 22 - If, over time, wages and salaries on average rise...Ch. 22 - Who in an economy is the big winner from...Ch. 22 - If a government gains from unexpected inflation...Ch. 22 - Do you think perfect indexing is possible? Why or...Ch. 22 - The index number representing the price level...Ch. 22 - The total price of purchasing a basket of goods in...Ch. 22 - With in 1 or 2 percentage points, what has the...Ch. 22 - If inflation rises unexpectedly by 5, indicate for...Ch. 22 - Rosalie the Retiree knows that when she retires in...
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- Styrofoam is non-biodegradable and is not easily recyclable. Many cities and at least one state have enacted laws that ban the use of polystyrene containers. These locales understand that banning these containers will force many businesses to turn to other more expensive forms of packaging and cups, but argue the ban is environmentally important. Shane owns a firm with a conventional production function resulting in U-shaped ATC, AVC, and MC curves. Shane's business sells takeout food and drinks that are currently packaged in styrofoam containers and cups. Graph the short-run AFC0, AVC0, ATC0, and MC0 curves for Shane's firm before the ban on using styrofoam containers.arrow_forwardd-farrow_forwarda-c pleasearrow_forward
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