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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The name and structures of the aldopentoses are to be represented.
Concept Introduction:
▸ The Kiliani-Fischer reaction is used for producing epimers of higher aldoses from a lower aldose, that is, a single aldose having a lesser number of carbon atoms produces a mixture consisting of two epimeric aldoses with higher number of carbon atoms.
▸ Stereochemistry of sugar compounds: A carbon atom that has four variable groups attached to it is said to be a stereogenic or chirality center of that atom. A stereocenter is that point in a molecule, where any two groups exchange their places to form stereoisomers. Moreover, the pair of diasteromers that show different configuration at the chirality center are called epimers.
▸ The Fischer projection is a way of representing
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Chapter 22 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Suggest how you could distinguish a sample of glucose from a sample of maltose using Benedict’s reagent. [Hint: maltose is a disaccharide reducing sugar].arrow_forwardIn solution, glucose is mostly found in the cyclic hemiacetal state, which lacks an aldehyde group. How are mild oxidising agents able to oxidise glucose?arrow_forwardAnswer ALL parts of this question. (a) Provide the structure and name of the aldehyde with the formula, C2H4O. (b) Draw the two steps of the Strecker synthesis used for the conversion of the aldehyde in part (a) into racemic alanine. (c) Draw the (R) and (S) enantiomers of alanine. Which is the naturally occurring enantiomer? (d) Draw the structure of the dipeptide, Ala-Gly.arrow_forward
- Explain why lactose and maltose differs from sucrose in its chemical activity with Fehling’s, Benedict’s and using Seliwanoff’s reagents?arrow_forwardAmygdalin is a toxic component in the pits of bitter almonds, peaches, and apricots. Q.) Name the two monosaccharide units in amygdalin and describe the glycosidic bond by which they are joined.arrow_forwardDraw the structure of: (a) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-mannose units in 1→4-β- glycosidic linkages; (b) a polysaccharide formed by joining D-glucose units in 1→6-α- glycosidic linkages. The polysaccharide in (b) is dextran, a component of dental plaque.arrow_forward
- Show the dehydration reaction of the following disaccharides and describe their functions, importance, sources and structures. a. Lactose b. Maltose C. sucrosearrow_forwardDescribe the physical properties ofamides.arrow_forwardDraw the structure of (a) a ketotetrose; (b) an aldopentose; (c) an aldotetrose.arrow_forward
- Propose structural formulas for the following polysaccharides. Q.) Pectic acid is the main component of pectin, which is responsible for the formation of jellies from fruits and berries. Pectic acid is a polymer of d-galacturonic acid in the pyranose form joined by a-1,4-glycosidic bonds.arrow_forwardCan you help draw out an example of this functional group and describe thses two patterns of example?arrow_forwardThe tea leaves that contain the caffeine to be isolated are predominantly composed of cellulose, a natural and extremely abundant polymer of glucose. Look up the chair structure of B-D-glucose (B-D-glucopyranose, the monomer from which the cellulose polymer is composed). Draw this structure, draw the flipped chair, and indicate which conformer you think is more stable, if either. BRIEFLY explain your choice.arrow_forward
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