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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Lactate converted into pyruvate under enzyme and co-enzyme conditions write the reaction in the standard biochemical format, using a curved to show involvement of
Concept Introduction:
Enzyme: This is highly specific both in the reactions that they catalyse and their choice of reactants, which are called substrates, enzymes usually catalyses a single
Aerobic and anaerobic: In the presence of oxygen or required oxygen to live.
Aerobic: In the presence of oxygen and Anaerobic: In the absence of oxygen.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- ValuePack ... and Biological Chemistry (4th Edition)
- Write the ten reactions of the glycolytic pathway, naming all enzymes and providing the structural formulas of their substrates and products.arrow_forwardNAD+ coenzyme is required for the reaction of ethanol in the liver to ethanal and NADH. Write down the metabolic reaction below:arrow_forwardBecause of the position of arsenic in the periodic table, arsenate (Aso ) is chemically similar to inorganic phosphate and is used by phosphate- requiring enzymes as an alternative substrate. Organic arsenates are quite unstable, however, and spontaneously hydrolyze. Arsenate is known to inhibit ATP production in glycolysis. Identify the target enzyme, and explain the mechanism of inhibition.arrow_forward
- Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastric ulcers, does not operate a citric acid cycle but contains many of the citric acid cycle enzymes. H. pylori can convert oxaloacetate to succinate for biosynthetic processes. Write an equation for this conversion.arrow_forwardUnder standard conditions, will the following reaction proceed spontaneously as written? Fumarate + NADH + H+⇌ succinate + NAD+arrow_forwardasaparrow_forward
- How many ATP can be produced from the complete oxidation of myristic acid? (Assume that all acety) Co will enter the TC cycle). Type your solution.arrow_forwardWhen grown anaerobically on glucose, yeast (S. cerevisiae) converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, then reduces acetaldehyde to Pethanol using electrons from NADH. Write the chemical equation for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) to ethanol (CH3CH2OH). The table provides the standard reduction potential, E', of the relevant half-reactions. Half-reaction Acetaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2e¯ → ethanol NAD+ + 2H+ + 2e¯ → NADH + H+ E'° (V) -.197 -.320 Calculate the equilibrium constant, K'eq, at 25.0 °C for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol. K'e ×10 = eqarrow_forwardSuggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. 1. Hydrolysis of lactose 3. Decarboxylation of citrate 4. Reduction of oxalate 2. Oxidation of nitritearrow_forward
- The reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer choice in each box. COO- HO-C-H H-C-H COO- Malate NAD+ NADH + H+ Oxidized malate oxaloacetate COO- H-C-H ī COO- Oxaloacetate Reduced NADH NAD+arrow_forwardIn relation to Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase enzyme, answer the following: A- What are the two isoforms of this enzyme, explain why there are two isoforms? B- What are the clinical manifestations associated with the deficiency of these two enzymes? C- Write down the biochemical reaction and the name of the metabolic pathway that these two isoforms are involved in, and how many ATP is utilized by these two isoforms?arrow_forwardGiven the following information, calculate the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Step by step please  [S] = 100 mM k1 = 10 sec-1 k2 = 3000 sec-1 k-1 = 20 sec-1 [E]T = 1 \muμMarrow_forward
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- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON
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