The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed Concept Introduction : Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl 3 , FeX 3, ZnCl 2 , BF 3 etc. An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products. Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines. To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a) Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 22, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Answer 6

Chapter 22, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Answer 7

Chapter 22, Problem 54PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1PTS Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 2PTS Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 3ATS Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 9CC

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Chapter 22 Solutions