Foundations in Microbiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522609
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 2.2, Problem 9ELO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
And summarize the concepts of valence, polarity and diatomic elements.
Introduction:
Atoms are rarely found in nature in a pure and uncombined state. They usually combine with other atoms to form molecules and compounds. The bond forming capacity of atoms of different elements is determined by their electrons. The properties of the resulting molecules and compounds are also determined by the degree of sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
2. Write the formula for the conjugate acid for each of the following bases:
a) CO
b) H:O
c) H:POr
1. Create the following combinations of protons, neutrons, and electrons.1p, 1n, 1e
a) What element is it?
b) Is it charged? If so, what is its charge?
c) Is it stable? Why or why not?
1. What are the four important elements that
make up the focus of
biochemistry?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 3ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 2.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 5CYP
Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 6ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 9ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 2.2 - Prob. 11ELOCh. 2.2 - 7. Explain how the concepti of molecules and...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 8CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 9CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 2.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 2.3 - 13. Explain solutes, solvents, and hydration.Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 2.3 - 15. Describe the pH scale and how it was derived;...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 15CYPCh. 2.3 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 2.3 - 17. What properties of water make it an effective...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 2.3 - 19. What determines whether a substance is an acid...Ch. 2.4 - 16. Describe the chemistry of carbon and the...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 17ELOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 2.4 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 2.4 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 2.4 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 2.4 - 23. What are functional groups?Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 24CYPCh. 2.5 - 19. Define carbohydrate and know the functional...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 2.5 - 21. Discuss the functions of carbohydrates in...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 25CYPCh. 2.5 - Prob. 26CYPCh. 2.5 - 27. What are some of the functions of...Ch. 2.6 - 22. Define lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid,...Ch. 2.6 - 23. Describe how an ester bond is formed.Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 2.6 - 28. Draw simple structural molecules of...Ch. 2.7 - 25. Describe the structures of peptides and...Ch. 2.7 - 26. Characterize the four levels of protein...Ch. 2.7 - 27. Summarize some of the essential functions of...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 29CYPCh. 2.7 - 30. Differentiate between a peptide, a...Ch. 2.7 - 31. Explain what causes the various levels of...Ch. 2.7 - 32. What functions do proteins perform in a cell?Ch. 2.8 - 28. Identify a nucleic acid and differentiate...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 29ELOCh. 2.8 - 30. Explain how the DNA code may be copied, and...Ch. 2.8 - 33. Describe a nucleotide and a polynucleotide,...Ch. 2.8 - 34. Name the two purines and the three...Ch. 2.8 - 35. What are the functions of RNA?Ch. 2.8 - 36.What is ATP, and how does it function in cells?Ch. 2.L1 - 1. The smallest unit of matter with unique...Ch. 2.L1 - 2. The charge of a proton is exactly balanced by...Ch. 2.L1 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 2.L1 - 8. An atom that can donate electrons during a...Ch. 2.L1 - 9. In a solution of NaCl and water, NaCl is the...Ch. 2.L1 - 10. A solution with a pH of 2 than a solution with...Ch. 2.L1 - 11. Fructose is a type of a. disaccharide b....Ch. 2.L1 - 6. Bonds in which atoms share electrons are...Ch. 2.L1 - 13. How is our understanding of microbiology...Ch. 2.L1 - 14. A phospholipid contains a. three fatty acids...Ch. 2.L1 - 15. Proteins are synthesized by linking amino...Ch. 2.L1 - 16. The amino acid that accounts for disulfide...Ch. 2.L1 - 17. DNA is a hereditary molecule that is composed...Ch. 2.L1 - 18. What is meant by the term DMA replication? a....Ch. 2.L1 - 19. Proteins can function as a. enzymes b....Ch. 2.L1 - 20. RNA plays an important role in what biological...Ch. 2.L1 - 1. Which of the following has not been a major...Ch. 2.L1 - 2. What was a significant result of the Mars...Ch. 2.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 2.L1 - 6. Why are hydrogen bonds relatively weak?Ch. 2.L1 - 7. What kind of substances will be expected to be...Ch. 2.L1 - Prob. 8WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 9WCCh. 2.L1 - 10. What makes the amino acids distinctive, and...Ch. 2.L1 - Prob. 11WCCh. 2.L1 - Prob. 12WCCh. 2.L1 - 6. Bonds in which atoms share electrons are...Ch. 2.L2 - Prob. 1CTCh. 2.L2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 2.L2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 2.L2 - 4. Distinguish between polar and ionic compounds.Ch. 2.L2 - 5. Is galactose an aldehyde or a ketone sugar?Ch. 2.L2 - 6. a. How many water molecules are released when a...Ch. 2.L2 - Prob. 7CTCh. 2.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 2.L2 - Prob. 1VC
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 1.Match the following terms with their correct definitions: matter, atom, molecule, element, and compound. A) The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of their specific type of matter: _______ B) A substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance: _________ C) Anything that occupies space and takes up mass: _________ D) Substances with two or more elements in a fixed ratio: _________ E) Atoms that are bonded to one another covalently: _________ 2.Where can you find all of the elements listed by their atomic number? 3.List the elements make up the majority of a human body. 4.Is H2O an element? If not, explain your answer. 5.Neapolitan ice cream is vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry combined in a 1:1:1 ratio. Briefly explain how Neapolitan ice cream is a good analogy that helps students understand the relationship between compounds and elements. 6.An atom comprises what three subatomic particles? A) B) C) 7.Match the following terms to the proper…arrow_forward1. The dipole moment in a water molecule Which statement about hydrogen bonds is NOT true? A) Hydrogen bonds account for the anomalously high boiling point of water. B) In liquid water, the average water molecule forms hydrogen bonds with three to four other water molecules. C) Individual hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds. D) Individual hydrogen bonds in liquid water exist for many seconds and sometimes for minutes. E) The strength of a hydrogen bond depends on the linearity of the three atoms involved in the bond. 2. A TRUE statement about hydrophobic interactions is that they: A) are the driving force in the formation of micelles of amphipathic compounds in water. B) do not contribute to the structure of water-soluble proteins. C) have bonding energies of approximately 20-40 Kjoule per mole. D) involve the ability of water to denature proteins. E) primarily involve the effect of polar solutes on the entropy of aqueous systems.arrow_forward7. Hydrogen bonds are a crucial component of biomolecular structure and biomolecular interactions. In the following drawings, draw in several hydrogen bonds that are possible between atoms within the same molecule or between different molecules: A: Protein structure H₂C₁ #1 N-H N-C 0=C HR 1 N-H ORU 0=C N-HH-CR B: DNA base-pairing H H-N N-H N=C C-C H 0=C NIH C C=N HR 0=3₁ HR H-9-4 0-0 NIH N-H 0=C 0=0 RECH N-H N-H 0=8-₁ OH HR C: Plant cell wall (cellulose) CH₂OH H BỆNH O=C HA CH OH H CH₂OH ( он H HC-0 CH₂₂OH H OH 1 TH OH H IN HC- OH H CH₂OH CH₂₂OH O OH H C-CH H bH CH₂₂OH VA HS COK H ОН Biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates depend on hydrogen bonds to maintain their overall structure. However, each individual hydrogen bond is relatively weak. Using protein structure from the question above as an example, explain how to resolve the apparent contradiction between these two statements.arrow_forward
- 5. Draw a diagram to show how the HH O H H O monomers to the right could be joined to form a polymer and identify the name of the linkage. H-N-C-C- OH + H-N-C-C-o-H CH3arrow_forward7. You want to separate these four proteins in a mixture: Isoelectric point Mol. Weight (kDa) Protein A 4.1 80 Protein B 9.0 81 Protein C 8.8 37 Protein D 3.9 172 Which of the following would be the best order in which to run chromatography columns? A) Anion-exchange at pH 3, then size exclusion B) Cation-exchange at pH 3, then size exclusion C) Cation-exchange at pH 3, then anion-exchange at pH 3 D) Anion-exchange at pH 3, then cation-exchange at pH 3 E) Size exclusion, then cation-exchange at pH 3 F) Size exclusion, then anion-exchange at pH 3arrow_forward4. a. What is the abbreviated name for the molecule below? (3 letters) What is the abbreviated name of this molecule if it has two phosphates? is the abbreviated name of this molecule if it has one phosphate? answers above, circle the form of the molecule that has the most energy. What type of energy is in this molecule? circle all that apply:(KINETIC / POTENTIAL / CHEMICAL) Where is the energy? b. Identify the three main parts of this molecule. (write on the red brackets i-iii) c. Parts ii and iii together make i. NH₂ N Bas OH OH ii d. This molecule is also a monomer building block of which biomolecule (be specific) The general name for this type of monomer is a e. Put arrows by the two high energy bonds on the molecule above. Explain why these functional groups are difficult to join. HO 1. OH ОН ОН (blue vertical bracket) What On your f. Compared to "low energy" bonds, high energy bonds require circle one: (MORE / LESS/ the SAME amount of) energy to make; high energy bonds release…arrow_forward
- 8) Define the following terms: a. Hydrophobic b. Hydrophillic 9) Describe the composition of a phospholipid and its relationship with water. Be specific about how the different parts of a phospholipid interact with water.arrow_forward12. The sugars glucose, fructose, and inositol all have the same formula i.e. C6H12O6 yet they have 3 very similar but different structures. This is an example of: a) geometric isomers b) structural isomers c) stereo isomers d) none are correctarrow_forward7. a) In terms of molecular bonds, why do starches supply more energy than simple sugars?arrow_forward
- Name the phylum.arrow_forward4. Determine if the following compound is chiral or not. ОН НО, HO Me ZOH Ме HO" ОН OH F. Me \CI OH Me J CHO CI но Br Br CI CH3arrow_forward7. Give the symbol of and the number of protons in one atom of: Lithium Iron Охygen Krypton Bromine Сopper Mercury Heliumarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Macromolecules | Classes and Functions; Author: 2 Minute Classroom;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5hhrDFo8Vk;License: Standard youtube license