Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the biochemical function of ATP molecule involves transfer of (1) phosphate groups, (2) electrons, or (3) acetyl groups.
Concept introduction: The sum of various
ATP is a
(b)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the biochemical function of
Concept introduction: The sum of various chemical reactions occurring in the human body is called metabolism and the reactions individually are known as metabolic reactions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions.
(c)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the biochemical function of
Concept introduction: The sum of various chemical reactions occurring in the human body is called metabolism and the reactions individually are known as metabolic reactions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(d)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the biochemical function of CoA–SH molecule involves transfer of (1) phosphate groups, (2) electrons, or (3) acetyl groups.
Concept introduction: The sum of various chemical reactions occurring in the human body is called metabolism and the reactions individually are known as metabolic reactions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. CoA–SH is an example of a metabolic intermediate.
Coenzyme A (CoA) is a coenzyme which is utilized in various metabolic reactions. The functions of coenzyme A include oxidation of pyruvate in the citric cycle and fatty acid oxidation.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
- The following are the negative regulators of phosphofructokinase except Select one: a. AMP +b. H c. Citrate d. ATParrow_forwardIn the context of fatty acid oxidation to acetyl CoA, indicate whether each of the following substances is involved in (1) fatty acid activation, (2) fatty acid trans-port, or (3) b-oxidation pathway. More than one choice may be correct in a given situation. a. AMp b. FAD c. Acyl CoA d. H2Oarrow_forwardExplain why the hydrolysis of the following compounds releases energy. A. phosphoenol pyruvate B. 1,3-diphosphoglycerate C. succinyl CoAarrow_forward
- The rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis is: a. The reduction of the acetoacetyl group to a ?-hydroxybutyryl group b. Formation of malonyl-CoA from malonate and coenzyme A. c. Condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. d. The reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.arrow_forwardThe following reaction, the last reaction in beta-oxidation, is an example of a: Enzyme Enzyme-H S-CoA S-COA H2C H3C CoA s–CoA C H2 CH2 R S-COA S-COA S-COA O A. Nucleophilic acyl substitution O B. Electrophilic addition OC. Nucleophilic addition D. Aldol condensation O E. Hydrohalogenationarrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements about coenzyme Q is not true? a. coenzyme Q is lipid-soluble b. coenzyme Q can accept one or two electrons c. conenzyme Q often diffuses in the membrane from one protein complex to another in its semiquinone form d. Coenzyme Q is one of the five electron carriers used in the electron transport chainarrow_forward
- Characterize, in terms of number of carbon atomspresent, each of the following citric acid cycle changesas (1) a C4 to C4 change, (2) a C4 to C6 change, (3) a C5to C4 change, or (4) a C6 to C5 change.a. Oxaloacetate to citrateb. a-Ketoglutarate to succinyl CoAc. Fumarate to malated. Succinyl CoA to succinatearrow_forwardplease answer the following:arrow_forwardConsider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in an EXPANDED structure. b. Draw each acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl Co A molecules are formed by complete beta-oxidation? d. How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. f. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? g. What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from a to e]arrow_forward
- Define the following terms:a. adipocyteb. MCADc. ACPd. a-oxidatione. odd-chain oxidationarrow_forwardIdentify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)arrow_forwardWhich class of enzymes catalyzes the following reactions? CH2- CH2- CH2 H2- C- CH2 AST CH2-C CH2 CH-NH + C=O + C=0 + CH-NH ČO0 Čo0 ČO0 ČO0" Aspartate Oxoglutarate Oxaloacetate Glutamate Select one: a. Oxidoreductase O b. Isomerase O c. Ligase d. Transferasearrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education