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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To identify the compound among ATP and phosphoenolpyruvate that releases more energy upon hydrolysis.
Concept introduction: High-energy compounds are those compounds that release a large amount of energy upon hydrolysis. These compounds consist of highly strained bonds which are responsible for the release of a high amount of energy. The compounds containing a phosphate group are examples of high energy compound.
Free energy on hydrolysis is considered as a parameter for determining the strain in the bonds. Greater the strain in the bond more will be the negative value of free energy on hydrolysis and vice-versa.
(b)
Interpretation: To identify the compound among creatine phosphate and ADP that releases more energy upon hydrolysis.
Concept introduction: High-energy compounds are those compounds that release a large amount of energy upon hydrolysis. These compounds consist of highly strained bonds which are responsible for the release of a high amount of energy. The compounds containing a phosphate group are examples of high energy compound.
Free energy on hydrolysis is considered as a parameter for determining the strain in the bonds. Greater the strain in the bond more will be the negative value of free energy on hydrolysis and vice-versa.
(c)
Interpretation: To identify the compound among
Concept introduction: High-energy compounds are those compounds that release a large amount of energy upon hydrolysis. These compounds consist of highly strained bonds which are responsible for the release of a high amount of energy. The compounds containing a phosphate group are examples of high energy compound.
Free energy on hydrolysis is considered as a parameter for determining the strain in the bonds. Greater the strain in the bond more will be the negative value of free energy on hydrolysis and vice-versa.
(d)
Interpretation: To identify the compound among AMP and
Concept introduction: High-energy compounds are those compounds that release a large amount of energy upon hydrolysis. These compounds consist of highly strained bonds which are responsible for the release of a high amount of energy. The compounds containing a phosphate group are examples of high energy compound.
Free energy on hydrolysis is considered as a parameter for determining the strain in the bonds. Greater the strain in the bond more will be the negative value of free energy on hydrolysis and vice-versa.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
- What are the correct names of the items, I, II and III in the reaction given below? a. Fructose-6P / Phosphofructokinase / Ribose-1,6P b. Glucose-6P / Hexokinase / Glucose-1,6 P c. Fructose-6P / Glucokinase / Glucose-1,6 P d. Fructose-6P/ Phosphofructokinase / Fructose-1,6 P e. Fructose-6P / Phosphoglucose isomerase / Fructose-1,6 Parrow_forwardWhich of the selected phosphate group hydrolysis reactions listed in the table below can NOT be productively coupled to the synthesis of glucose-1-phosphate? Free energy of hydrolysis for certain phosphate bonds Compound kcal/ mol-1 Phosphoenolpyruvate -14.8 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate -11.8 Creatine phosphate -10.3 ATP (to ADP) -7.3 Glucose 1-phosphate -5 Pyrophosphate -4.6 Glucose 6-phosphate -3.3 Glycerol 3-phosphate -2.2 ATP hydrolysis. Glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis.arrow_forwardThe Glycolytic pathway describes the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate with the generation of ATP and NADH Which of the following 8 statements are correct about the process of Glycolysis? Β Β a.Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized to the aldehyde glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateΒ Β Β b. phosphoenolpyruvate is formed from the loss of a hydrogen atom on carbon 2 and a hydroxyl group from carbon 3 Β Β c. Glucose transporters only transports phosphorylated glucose Β Β d. 2 molecules of NADH is produced from the phosphorylated oxidation of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphateΒ Β e. when phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate, 1 molecule of ATP is producedΒ Β Β f. Fructose-1,6.biphosphate is cleaved by aldolase to form 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphateΒ Β Β g. The substrate level phosphorylation of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate yields 2 molecules of ATP Β Β h. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate loses a hydrogen atom on carbon 1 and gains an oxygen atomΒ Β i. The ketose sugar glucose-6-phosphate isβ¦arrow_forward
- Glycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of the reactions of glycolysis are thermodynamically unfavorable, nonspontaneous, but proceed when they are coupled with other reactions. A. P; + glucose β glucose-6-phosphate + HβO AG = 3.30 kcal/mol B. P; + fructose-6-phosphate - fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + HβO C. ATP + HβO β ADP + Pβ Which of the reactions are unfavorable? A B Ρ AG = -7.30 kcal/mol Which of the reactions can be coupled so that the overall reaction is favorable? A and B A and C B and C Incorrect AG = 3.90 kcal/molarrow_forwardThe following are the negative regulators of phosphofructokinase except Select one: Β a. AMP +b. H Β c. Citrate Β d. ATParrow_forwardA student is trying to determine the mechanism for a reaction that uses ATP to activate a carboxylate ion, which then reacts with a thiol. If the carboxyl-ate ion attacks the g-phosphorus of ATP, the reaction products are the thioester, ADP, and phosphate. However, whether it attacks the a-phosphorus or the b-phosphorus of ATP cannot be determined from the reaction products because the thioester, AMP, and pyrophosphate would be the products in both reactions. The mechanisms can be distinguished by a labeling experiment in which the enzyme, the carboxylate ion, ATP, and radioactively labeled pyro-phosphate are incubated, and then the ATP is isolated. If the isolated ATP is radioactive, attack occurred on the a-phosphorus. If it is not radioactive, then attack occurred on the b-phosphorus. Explain these conclusions.arrow_forward
- Thiamine is the vitamin precursor for a co-enzyme called thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP.Β Β A patient diagnosed with thiamine deficiency exhibited fatigue and muscle cramps.Β The muscle cramps have been related to the accumulation of specific metabolic acids.Β On the following list, circle the metabolic acids that are most likely to accumulate in a thiamine deficiency?Β Β Note:Β There may be more than one.Β Β Β Isocitrate Pyruvate Succinate Ξ±-ketoglutarate Malate Fumarate Β (b) Provide a brief explanation for your answer to 1 (a) herearrow_forwardIn the degradation of glycogen, the purpose of the debranching enzyme is to remove the last four glucose molecules from branches structure of glycogen. It does this by catalyzing three different reactions. Use the equations below to answer parts a-c. Synthesis of Ξ±(1,6) link ΞG = +7.1 kJ Hydrolysis of Ξ±(1,4) link ΞG = β15.5 kJ a)What are the three chemical reactions performed during the removal of the last four glucose molecules of the branching structure of glycogen? b) Calculate ΞG for each of the three reactions described in part a. c) Now calculate the overall energy change for the net reaction carried out by this enzyme. d) Why is this reaction favorable?arrow_forwardConsider the following list of phosphorylated compounds with their free energy changes of phosphate hydrolysis: Glucose-1-phosphate (-5.0 kcal/mol), PEP (-14.8 kcal/mole), 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (-11.8 kcal/mole) and Glucose-6-Phosphate (-3.3 kcal/mol). Given that the free energy change of ATP hydrolysis is -7.3 kcal/mole, which of these molecules be directly synthesized by the transfer of a phospho- group from ATP? Β 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Β Glucose-6-phosphate Β All of those phosphorylated compounds. Β PEP Β Glucose-1-phosphatearrow_forward
- The table lists the standard free energies (AGΒ°') of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds. Compound Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) Creatine phosphate ATP (to ADP) Glucose 1-phosphate Pyrophosphate (PP;) Glucose 6-phosphate Glycerol 3-phosphate kJ mol-ΒΉ -61.9 -49.4 -43.1 -30.5 -20.9 -19.3 -13.8 -9.2 kcal mol-1 -14.8 -11.8 -10.3 -7.3 -5.0 -4.6 -3.3 -2.2arrow_forwardUsing this table provide the total ATP of glyceraldehyde, citric acid and succinic acid using the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle.arrow_forwardA glycolytic intermediate may be used to make the glycerol 3-phosphate necessary for the production of glycerophospholipids. For this conversion, provide a reaction sequence.arrow_forward
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