Campbell Biology In Focus
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134203072
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.3, Problem 3CC
If you were a phamaceutical researcher, why would you want to learn the three-dimensional shapes of naturally occuring signaling molecules?
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Chapter 2 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus
Ch. 2.1 - Is a trace element an essenteal element? Explain.Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 2.2 - A nitrogen atom has 7 protons and the most common...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 2.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 2.3 - Why does the structure HCCH fail to make sense...Ch. 2.3 - What holds the atoms together in a crystal of...Ch. 2.3 - If you were a phamaceutical researcher, why would...Ch. 2.4 - Which type of chemical reaction occurs faster at...Ch. 2.4 - Write an equation that uses the products of...
Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 2.5 - How can the freezing of water crack boulders?Ch. 2.5 - Compared with a basic solution at pH 9, the same...Ch. 2.5 - What would be the effect on the properties of the...Ch. 2.5 - Prob. 5CCCh. 2 - The reactivity of an atom arises from A. the...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 2 - Many mammals control their body temperature by...Ch. 2 - We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a...Ch. 2 - Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 2 - What coefficients must be placed in the following...Ch. 2 - A Slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn...Ch. 2 - Draw the hydration shells that from around a...Ch. 2 - What do climate change (see Concept 1.1) and ocean...Ch. 2 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Female luna moths (Actias luna)...Ch. 2 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION The percentage of naturally...Ch. 2 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Several emergent properties...Ch. 2 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE How do cats drink?...
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- How is an extracellular signal converted to an intracellular signal in signal transduction? Give a specific example.arrow_forwardThe biomolecular interaction between protein receptors and ligands is similar to that of en- zymes and substrates, which depends in part on the shape of the protein. The shape of a protein, in turn, depends on the presence of appropriate chemical bonds in the protein. Many common medications function by altering the interactions between protein receptors and ligands, thereby interfering with the normal response of a cell to specific signals. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which a drug might interfere with a normal cellular response? A B A medication causes the cell to become more permeable and unable to maintain the conditions that allow a normal response. с A medication interrupts the electron transport chain in a cell and makes it unable to syn- thesize sufficient ATP. D A medication enters the nucleus of a cell and alters the nucleic sequence for a specific receptor protein. A medication enters a target cell and acts as an inhibitor to an intercellular protein…arrow_forwardWhat is the benefit of using second messangers and phosphorylation cascades during the transduction step of cell signaling?arrow_forward
- What is one advantage of signal transduction being a pathway (several steps)?arrow_forwardWhy is the lifetime of second messengers so crucial to signaling efficiency? Example: Genetically engineering a second messenger by increasing its lifetime would decrease the efficiency of its signal in a cell's signaling system.arrow_forwardYou are studying the role of CAMP in cell signaling. You hypothesize that 2 intracellular signaling proteins, named GO and TIGERS, interact with each other when cells are treated with an extracellular source of CAMP. The two proteins were tagged with CFP or YFP (CFP = cyan fluorescent protein; YFP = yellow fluorescent protein). CFP is excited by 435 nm light and emits lights at 480 nm. YFP is excited by 480 nm light and emits light at 535 nm. 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 600 Fluorescence 400 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Fluorescence Intensity 400 500 Wavelength of Emitted Light 600 Figure Legend. A. Cells expressing GO-CFP irradiate with 435 nm light. B. Cells expressing TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. C. Cells expressing TIGERS- YFP and irradiated with 480 nm light. D. Cells expressing GO-CFP and TIGERS-YFP and irradiated with 435 nm light. E. Cells expressing GO-CFP and…arrow_forward
- What are the four parts of cell signaling?arrow_forwarda) b) You walk into university and see that everyone has become a unicorn. You try to hide in bluezone only to figure out that everyone can sense you. You are kidnapped by a unicorn, and they ask you: "How do kinases work?" You wake up realizing it was all a dream, but you still wonder: how do kinases work? Hydrolyze the protein and then ATP to activate it First hydrolyze ATP and then transfer Pi to activate a protein Tranfer a free Pi and then hydrolyze ATP to make more free Pi Bind GTP after releasing GDP from the alpha subunitarrow_forwardWhy has phosphorylation by kinases one of the choice pathways that evolved for signal transduction? Are there chemical or physical properties associated with the phosphate group that makes it ideal for signaling?arrow_forward
- Which statement best describes how molecular complementarity enables specificity during a signaling event? The molecular shape of two molecules should have a small amount of complementarity. The molecular shape of two molecules should have a large amount of overall complementarity that involves weak interactions at multiple different sites. The molecular shape of two molecules should have a large amount of overall complementarity that involves strong interactions at multiple different sites. The molecular shape of two molecules should have a large amount of overall complementarity that involves covalent interactions at multiple different sites.arrow_forwardWhat are three types of signaling processes based on their transduction distance? Give an example for each type. What are the signaling molecules in the plant? Please describe each of them briefly.arrow_forwardThrough a series of experiments, we will now investigate how the human eye detects light in two conditions (in the presence of light and in the dark), in order to understand the patient impaired vision at night. The eye's retina is constituted by two types of photoreceptor cells: the rods and the cones. These cells can detect light and produce a cellular response through a specific signaling pathway. The internal structure of these photoreceptor cells is represented in the figure below. Rods differ from cones in that they are much taller, much thinner and have many membranous discs that play a key role in photoreception. Light is received by a membrane receptor, which initiates a signal transduction inside the cell. The cellular response produced consists of the release a neurotransmitter (glutamate) into a synaptic cleft, triggering a series of action potentials the post-synaptic neuron (not shown in the figure). This electrical signal is then sent to (and processed by) the central…arrow_forward
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