Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 23, Problem 6P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Estimate how much more a person would weigh if excess energy were stored in the form ofcarbohydrate instead of fat
Introduction:
Once the glycogen stores are full, body stores excess energy from carbohydrate as fat. Along with this, excess energy from fat and protein intake is stored as fat as well. Adipose cells store this extra energy in the form of triglycerides.
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Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain:
How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue?
Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?
Triacylglycerols, with their hydrocarbon-like fatty acids, have the highest energy content of the major nutrients.
(a) If 15% of the body mass of a 70.0 kg adult consists of triacylglycerols, what is the total available fuel reserve, in kilojoules and kilocalories, in the form of triacylglycerols? Recall that 1.00 kcal = 4.18 kJ.
(b) If the basal energy requirement is approximately 8,400 kJ/day (2,000 kcal/day), how long could this person survive if the oxidation of fatty acids stored as triacylglycerols were the only source of energy?
(c) What would be the weight loss in pounds per day under such starvation conditions (1 lb = 0.454 kg)?
During periods of prolonged exercise, muscles burn fat released from adipocytes in addition to glucose. Explain howthe need for additional fatty acids by muscle is communicated to the adipocytes.
Chapter 23 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1PCh. 23 - Determining the Amount of ATP Produced from Fatty...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3PCh. 23 - Examining the Labeling of Glucose from 14C.labeled...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5PCh. 23 - Prob. 6PCh. 23 - Prob. 7PCh. 23 - Prob. 8PCh. 23 - Prob. 9PCh. 23 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 23 - Prob. 11PCh. 23 - Understanding Human Energy Consumption During...Ch. 23 - Prob. 13PCh. 23 - Prob. 14PCh. 23 - Prob. 15PCh. 23 - Extending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA...Ch. 23 - Prob. 17PCh. 23 - Prob. 18PCh. 23 - Prob. 19PCh. 23 - Understanding a Ubiquitous Series of Metabolic...Ch. 23 - Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase,...
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- The difference between whole body metabolic rate and weight specific metabolic rate. How does allometry influence metabolic rate and/or other systems? Why can't Rubner's Law (surface to volume ratio) explain weight specific metabolic rate?arrow_forwardTrue or false: Consider a liver cell balancing the metabolic allocations under starving conditions. ____ Fatty acids are utilized in glucose production. ____ More urea production occurs in the liver. ____ Concentration of oxaloacetate drops because it is used for gluconeogenesis. ____ Concentration of oxaloacetate drops and TCA cycle is halted which leads to the synthesis of ketone bodies.arrow_forwardwhy long distance runner should intake less oily food (trans fat) briefly explain whyarrow_forward
- Glucagon facilitates the adaptation of our body to fasting. Which enzymes of glucides (carbohydrates) metabolism are regulated, directly or undirectly, in response to the secretion of glucagon by pancreas?.arrow_forwardFatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain: a) How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue? b)Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?arrow_forwardDiscuss the relative effectiveness of dieting and exercise in losing weight noting that most athletic activities consume food energy at a rate of 400 to 500W while a single cup of yogurt can contain 1360KJ (325 kcal) specifically is it likely that exercise alone will be sufficient to lose weight? You may wish to consider that regular exercise may increase the metabolic rate, whereas protracted dieting may reduce itarrow_forward
- No need to explain; simply provide the correct answer to the following questions. What is the storage form(s) of energy in the human body? Fill in the blanks: Chemical metabolism of carbohydrates in the body starts within the ______ and is facilitated by the hormone ______ What is the process of linking two small sugar units together? what process consists of breaking down glycogen into glucose to be used for energy? In glycolysis, what enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glycogen into glucose 1-phosphate Which statements are valid? a. (in the muscles, glycogen is a rapid source of energy) b. (in the liver, glycogen serves to maintain blood glucose levels) c. (in the brain, glycogen is used as the main energy source) d. (in animal cell, glucose is converted into starch for storage)arrow_forwardGlucose is a carbohydrate central to energy metabolism. Glucose provides most of the energy to the brain and its levels are closely controlled in healthy individuals. Improper control of glucose levels is found in diabetes.Assume that the maximum number of ATPs is produced (38). At pH 7, and in the presence of excess Mg2+, how much of the energy in one mole of glucose is stored as ATP? kJ Assuming the maximum number of ATPs are produced at pH 7 and in the presence of Mg2+, 1159 kJ of energy are stored as ATP. What is the percent efficiency?arrow_forward
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