Interpretation:
The consequences of a deficiency in vitamin B12for fatty acid oxidation and
Concept Introduction:
The final product of ß oxidation of fatty acids with odd number of carbon is 3-C propionyl CoA instead of acetyl CoA. Then propionyl CoA is converted into succinyl CoA via several steps.
The carboxylation of a propionyl CoA to produce D-methylmalonyl CoA is the first step. The catalyst for the reaction is a biotin dependent enzyme propionyl CoA carboxylase. In the next step, D-methylmalonyl CoA so formed is isomerized into L-isomer by methylmalonyl CoA epimerase.
This product is then subjected to methylmalonyl CoA mutase reaction which catalyzes the conversion of L-methylmalonyl CoA into succinyl CoA. This enzyme is vitamin B12 dependent.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Understanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its Products in the TCA Cycle Glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, and the TCA cycle result in complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to CO2. Review the calculation of oxidation numbers for individual atoms in any molecule, and then calculate the oxidation numbers of the carbons of glucose, pyruvate, the acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA. and the metabolites of the TCA cycle to convince yourself that complete oxidation of glucose involves removal of 24 electrons and that each acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle gives up 8 electrons.arrow_forwarda) Metabolic process in which hexose metabolism occurs? Amount of steps? Since this metabolic process (hexose -> 2 pyruvate) is exergonic. b) But, looking at the individual reactions that makeup this process, they are a combination of exergonic and endergonic reactions. (true or false). If false, explain why. If true explain the contribution of endergonic reactions to the overall exergonic process.arrow_forwardRole of Carnitine in fatty acid β-oxidationarrow_forward
- Inhibiting which of the following enzymes will block gluconeogenesis but not glycolysis? Pyruvate carboxylase Pyruvate kinase Phosphoglycerokinase Phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphofructokinase-1arrow_forwardThe number of CO2 molecules liberated for each molecule of acetyl-CoA during oxidative decarboxylation reactions in TCA cycle.arrow_forwardThe large amount of energy used during aerobic exercise(e.g., running) requires large amounts of oxaloacetate.Explain why acetyl-CoA cannot be used to produceoxaloacetate in this circumstance. What is the sourceof oxaloacetate molecules during aerobic activity?arrow_forward
- Glucagon secretion inhibits intracellular acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity through a number of different methods. Make a list of everything that comes to mind.arrow_forwardIn the fasted state, FADH2 and NADH for oxidative phosphorylation are mainly provided by fatty acid oxidation. Explain how fatty acids are mobilised from adipose tissue by the action of glucagon.arrow_forwardFatty acids are oxidized by acyl COA dehydrogenase. Branched fatty acids, containing a methyl group at beta carbons cannot be oxidized by this enzyme. How does the oxidation of such branched fatty acids take place? Explain with all set of reactions and enzymes involvedarrow_forward
- Fatty acid degradation stimulates the citric acid cyclethrough the activation of pyruvate carboxylase by acetylCoA. Why would the activation of pyruvate carboxylaseincrease energy generation from fatty acids?arrow_forwardConsidering the fatty acids: (a) Arachidic acid (C20H40O2); molar mass = 312.5 g/mol) (b) Palmitoleic acid (C16H30O2); molar mass = 256.4 g/mol). How many cycles of β -oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism? How can you calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the complete catabolism of each fatty acid? and the number of moles of ATP formed per gram of each fatty acid metabolized??arrow_forwardCalculate the amount of ATPthat can be produced fromone molecule of 8:0 fatty acid metabolized aerobicallythrough ß-oxidation cycle and the citric acid cycle.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning