Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 23.2, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Archaea bacteria produce methane as
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“Microbial life is incredibly diverse and microorganisms play an essential role in the entire biosphere.”
Methanopyrus kandleri and Pyrolobus fumarij are bacteria that live near hydrothermal vents under the oceans. Temperatures at these vents can reach well over 100 degrees Celsius.
Both organisms obtain energy from hydrogen but Methanopyrus kandleri grows best at 98 degrees Celsius while Pyrolobus fumarij prefers to reproduce at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius. These bacteria provide the base of a food web at the bottom of the ocean floor.
What questions could a student ask in order to investigate this difference between the bacteria?
A.
What kind of heat tolerance do other nearby organisms have?
B.
Does the Methanopyrus kandleri live farther away from the vent than the Pyrolobus fumarij?
C.
Does Methanopyrus kandleri have a thicker cell wall than Pyrolobus fumarij?
D.
Is one organism better adapted to the environment than the other?
The production of by prokaryotes increased its atmospheric concentration and enabled more complex forms of life to evolve. (a) carbon dioxide (b) oxygen (c) nitrogen (d) all of the above
Chapter 23 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.3 - What essential role did early alphaproteobacteria...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.4 - Which structure is associated with motility in one...Ch. 23.5 - In which of the hosts does sexual mating of P....
Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 1TYCh. 23 - Prob. 2TYCh. 23 - Prob. 3TYCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYCh. 23 - Prob. 5TYCh. 23 - The protists most closely related to the fungal,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 7TYCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYCh. 23 - People use bacteria, protists, or fungi to: make...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 23 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 23 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 23 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 23 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Microbial mats __________. a. are the earliest forms of life on Earth b. obtained their energy and food from hydrothermal vents c. are multi-layered sheets of prokaryotes including mostly bacteria but also archaea d. all of the abovearrow_forwardThe first organisms that oxygenated the atmosphere were cyanobacteria phototrophic organisms anaerobic organisms all of the abovearrow_forwardThe genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, F. acidarmanus, was discovered to be the main component of slime streamers (a type of biofilm) deep inside an abandoned California copper mine (Figure 4.11A). F. acidarmanus cells use an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that combines oxygen with ironsulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. This reaction dissolves the minerals, so groundwater that seeps into the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The reaction also produces sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cells to zero. Despite living in an environment with a composition similar to hot battery acid, F. acidarmanus cells maintain their internal pH at a cozy 5.0. Thus, researchers investigating Ferroplasma metabolic enzymes were surprised to discover that most of the cells enzymes function best at very low pH (Figure 4.11B). A. Deep inside one of the most toxic sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine, in California. The water in this stream, which is about 1 meter (3 feet) wide in this photo, is hot (around 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. Slime streamers growing in it are a biofilm dominated by a species of archaea, Ferroplasma acidarmanus. B. pH profiles of four enzymes isolated from F. acidarmus. Researchers had expected these enzymes to function best at the cells cytoplasmic pH (5.0). What does the dashed line signify?arrow_forward
- Why are prokaryotes so important? They are simple in structure and metabolism.. They comprise all single celled life on earth.They perform important functions for humans and other organisms. They make up a small but very important % of the biomass on earth.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? A. Archaea and bacteria have identical membrane lipids. B. The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan. C. Prokaryotes have low levels of genetic diversity. D. No archaea are capable of using CO2 to oxidize H2 releasing methane.arrow_forwardWhat is a potential role of methanogens in global warming? Methanogens produce methane, which traps more heat than carbon dioxide and may contribute to global warming. Methanogens convert carbon dioxide into methane, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and effectively decreasing global warming. The methane that methanogens produce during sludge digestion of wastewater treatment is burned so that it does not contribute to global warning. Methanogens convert methane gas produced by organic waste into carbon dioxide, decreasing global warming.arrow_forward
- A team of scientists study a microorganism that lives in a wetland region. The organism is an obligate anaerobe, and it produces energy using the following reaction: CO2+4H4→CH4+2H2OCO2+4H4→CH4+2H2O In which kingdom does this organism most likely belong? A. Fungi B. Protista C. Archaebacteria D. Eubacteriaarrow_forwardWhich of the following organisms is a prokaryote? fungus algae protozoa archaea both archaea and protozoaarrow_forwardThis domain is characterized by ancient bacteria that can live in extreme environments, such as volcanoes eukarya bacteria prokarya archaeaarrow_forward
- Chapter 27: List the different modes of prokaryote nutrition. What is the significance of oxygen and nitrogen for prokaryotes. List the types of archaea and where can you find archaea? List examples of prokaryotes of ecological, economic and medical importance. Book: Biology (Campbell) 11 edition Urry. Cain. Wasserman. Minorsky. Reecearrow_forwardDr. Krishna at CSU has been conducting research on snake venom. Similar to Dr. Krishna, a scientist at another university is the world's foremost expert on lizards. He has traveled the world extensively and has found that a particular species of lizard is found only in one desert near the Chilean Andes. Which of the following terms, with regard to its distribution, can be definitively applied to this species Clustered Disbursed Endangered Endemic Prokaryoticarrow_forward1Which of the following is NOT a consequence of global climate change? coral bleaching more ice at the North and South Poles increases in diseases such as malaria and dengue fever rising sea levels 2How do scientists determine the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide that existed on Earth hundreds or thousands of years ago? They deduce it from the carbon dioxide content of fossil fuels. They measure it from bubbles of gas trapped in Antarctic ice cores. They estimate it from the numbers of carbon-based life forms that existed over time. They calculate carbon dioxide levels from the temperature records. Scientists do not know the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide thousands of years ago. 3The two factors that are responsible for the climate of an area are: the number and size of different kinds of species the position of the area in relation to island chains the elevation of the area, and its tree cover the amount of rainfall and temperature. the…arrow_forward
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