Chapter 24, Problem 16E

The structures of four complex ions are given. Each has ${\text{Co}}_{\text{2+}}$ as the central ion. The ligands are ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ , ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ , and oxalate ion, ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2-}}$ . Determine which if any, of these complex ions are isomers (geometric or optical); which, if any, are identical (that is, have identical structures); and which, if any, are distinctly different.