Concept explainers
To determine: How long a person infected with Ebola must be quarantined to be declared disease-free.
Concept introduction: Ebola virus disease is a lethal disease that is caused by an infection of Ebola virus species. The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids, blood of infected person, and sexual contact. The largest Ebola outbreak was reported in West Africa in 2014 and became the deadliest occurrence of the disease affecting multiple countries. It is endemic.
To explain: From the viewpoint of a doctor and a government official whether the healthcare workers exposed to Ebola (asymptomatic) shall be forced into quarantine.
Concept introduction: Ebola virus disease is a lethal disease that is caused by an infection of Ebola virus species. The virus spreads through direct contact with body fluids, blood of infected person, and sexual contact. The largest Ebola outbreak was reported in West Africa in 2014 and became the deadliest occurrence of the disease affecting multiple countries. It is endemic.
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Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
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- The Ebola virus is a zoonotic virus, which means that it can spread from animals to humans. Once a person is infected, the virus affects multiple organ systems in the body. Infected cells can attach themselves to blood vessels, causing uncontrollable internal bleeding in some patients, accompanied by high fever—a condition known as hemorrhagic fever. Other common symptoms include liver and kidney failure, vomiting, and diarrhea. On average, 50% of people that contract Ebola die from the disease, though the fatality rates of past outbreaks have varied from 25% to 90%. Scientists isolate virus RNA from blood samples and then convert the RNA to DNA. Using DNA sequencing, they then compare virus sequences isolated from individuals in different locations and at different times in an outbreak. By identifying differences in the viral genomes, scientists can reconstruct the history of how the virus spreads and mutates. Tracking mutations over time can also reveal whether the virus is…arrow_forwardWhy did Ebola spread so easily across the world in 2014? A. Because laboratories were easily able to ship the Ebola virus across the world. B. Because criminals were easily able to send the Ebola virus through worldwide mail. C. Airline travel made it easy for infected people who were symptomless to travel the world. D. Because the digital age quickly spread misinformation about Ebola onlinearrow_forwardYearly vaccination is the primary means of preventing and controlling flu outbreaks. Here 'yearly' is important because: New vaccines with better efficacy are produced each year Circulating strains of influenza viruses change from year to year New vaccines with up-to-date strain components are produced each year Who is at higher risk of developing severe pneumonia when infected with SARS-CoV-2? An undergraduate A student at high-school A 6-month-old baby A 70 years old man with diabetes and high blood pressurearrow_forward
- The SARS-COV-2 is a virus, which does not even have reproductive organs but it spread so fast among humans and in less than a year created a pandemic worldwide. Why?arrow_forwardWhy did Ebola spread so easily across the world in 2014? A. Because the digital age quickly spread misinformation about Ebola online. B. Because criminals were easily able to send the Ebola virus through worldwide mail. C. Airline travel made it easy for infected people who were symptomless to travel the world. D. Because laboratories were easily able to ship the Ebola virus across the world.arrow_forwardOn 17 August 2022, the Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) reported a confirmed case of Ebola virus in the Beni district of North Kivu province. As an epidemiologist, describe the steps you would recommend to prevent further spread of the virus in the local area,as well as to neighboring countries.arrow_forward
- ‘’Vaccination against influenza is considered the most effective way to limit the spread of influenza worldwide. However, influenza continues to occur as a pandemic despite the widespread use ofvaccines during the flu seasons”.4.3 Describe the significance of antigenic shift and antigenic drift in influenza A virus infection.arrow_forward what healthy drinks can help prevent Ebolaarrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains why vaccination of humans against rabies can be delayed until after exposure to a potential source of infection? A) Antibody responses are more rapid than those against other viruses B) T lymphocyte responses are more rapid than those against other viruses C) The virus does not infect any cells for several weeks or months D) The virus does not reach i target organ for several weeks or monthsarrow_forward
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